feat(blooms): Apply task timeout in bloom builder

[salvacorts]

What this PR does / why we need it:

The per-tenant bloom_build_builder_response_timeout limit was only enforced in the planner. We now apply it on the builder side as well.

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
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