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strings.md

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strings.md

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Strings

SQL standard supports single-quoted strings '..' with repeated quote '' used for escaping. The real world implementations have lots of variation:

  • BigQuery:
    • "..", '..', """...""", '''..''' (backslash \ used for escaping)
    • R"..", r'''..''' the same as above, but with r or R prefix (backlashes not used for escaping)
    • B"..", b'''..''' the same as above, but with b or B prefix (backlashes not used for escaping)
    • RB"..", br'''..''' the same as above, but with additional r or R prefix (backlashes not used for escaping)
  • DB2:
    • '..' (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • X'..' a hex string (no escaping)
    • U&'..' an unicode string (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • G'..', N'..' a graphic string
    • GX'..' a graphic hex string (no escaping)
    • UX'..' an UCS-2 graphic string (no escaping)
  • Hive: '..', ".." (backslash \ used for escaping)
  • MariaDB:
    • '..' (backslash \1 or repeated single-quote '' used for escaping)
    • x'..', X'..' hex string
  • MySQL:
    • '..', ".."2 (backslash \1 or repeated quote ('' or "") used for escaping)
    • x'..', X'..' hex string
  • N1QL: ".." (backslash \ used for escaping)
  • PL/SQL:
    • '..' (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • N'..', n'..' a string using a natural character set
    • Q'x..x', q'x..x' where x is a custom delimiter character
    • q'{..}', q'[..]', q'<..>', q'(..)' special handling for certain delimiters in above syntax
  • PostgreSQL:
    • '..' (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • E'..', e'..' string with C-style escapes (backslash \ or repeated single-quote '' used for escaping)
    • U&'..', u&'..' string with unicode escapes
    • $$..$$, $delim$..$delim$ dollar-quoted string with optional custom delimiters
    • B'..', b'..' bit string
    • X'..', x'..' hex string
  • Redshift: '..'
  • Spark:
    • '..' (backslash \ used for escaping)
    • X'..' hex string
  • SQLite:
    • '..' (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • X'..', x'..' hex string
  • Transact-SQL:
    • '..' (two single quotes '' are used for escaping)
    • (".."3)
    • N'..' (N".."3) unicode strings

Notes:

  1. unless the SQL_MODE has been set to NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES.
  2. unless ANSI_QUOTES mode is enabled.
  3. if the QUOTED_IDENTIFIER option has been set OFF.