How can I change a PostgreSQL user password?

Question

How do I change the password for a PostgreSQL user?

Answer 1

To log in without a password:

sudo -u user_name psql db_name

To reset the password if you have forgotten:

ALTER USER user_name WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';

Answer 2

To change the PostgreSQL user's password, follow these steps:

1. log in into the psql console:

   sudo -u postgres psql
   

2. Then in the psql console, change the password and quit:

   postgres=# \password postgres
   Enter new password: <new-password>
   postgres=# \q
   

Or using a query:

ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD '<new-password>';

Or in one line

sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD '<new-password>';"

Note:

If that does not work, reconfigure authentication by editing /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf (the path will differ) and change:

local     all         all             peer # change this to md5

to

local     all         all             md5 # like this

or

host    all    all    0.0.0.0/0    md5 # like this

Then restart the server:

sudo service postgresql restart

Answer 3

I believe the best way to change the password is simply to use:

\password

in the Postgres console.

Per ALTER USER documentation:

Caution must be exercised when specifying an unencrypted password with this command. The password will be transmitted to the server in cleartext, and it might also be logged in the client's command history or the server log. psql contains a command \password that can be used to change a role's password without exposing the cleartext password.

Note: ALTER USER is an alias for ALTER ROLE

Answer 4

You can and should have the users' password encrypted:

ALTER USER username WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'password';

Answer 5

To the change password:

 sudo -u postgres psql

Then

\password postgres

Now enter the new password and confirm.

Then \q to exit.

Answer 6

To change the password using the Linux command line, use:

sudo -u <user_name> psql -c "ALTER USER <user_name> PASSWORD '<new_password>';"

Answer 7

Go to your PostgreSQL configuration and edit file pg_hba.conf:

sudo vim /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf

Then change this line:

Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local      all              postgres                                md5

to:

Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
local   all             postgres                                peer

Then restart the PostgreSQL service via the 'sudo' command. Then

psql -U postgres

You will be now entered and will see the PostgreSQL terminal.

Then enter

\password

And enter the new password for the PostgreSQL default user. After successfully changing the password again, go to the pg_hba.conf and revert the change to "md5".

Now you will be logged in as

psql -U postgres

with your new password.

Answer 8

Setting up a password for the postgres role

sudo -u postgres psql

You will get a prompt like the following:

postgres=#

Change password to PostgreSQL for user postgres

ALTER USER postgres WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'postgres';

You will get something as follows:

ALTER ROLE

To do this we need to edit the pg_hba.conf file.

(Feel free to replace nano with an editor of your choice.)

sudo nano /etc/postgresql/9.5/main/pg_hba.conf

Update in the pg_hba.conf file

Look for an uncommented line (a line that doesn’t start with #) that has the contents shown below. The spacing will be slightly different, but the words should be the same.

    local   postgres   postgres   peer

to

    local   postgres   postgres   md5

Now we need to restart PostgreSQL, so the changes take effect

sudo service postgresql restart

Answer 9

To request a new password for the postgres user (without showing it in the command):

sudo -u postgres psql -c "\password"

Answer 10

For Windows using the Command Prompt:

1. Change the directory to the /bin of your PostgreSQL installation folder. Commonly we could use this command:

   C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\<version>\bin
   

2. Connect to PostgreSQL server as a superuser:

   psql -U postgres
   

3. Run the following command to change the superuser password:

   ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';
   

Answer 11

If you are on Windows.

Open pg_hba.conf file and change from md5 to peer.

Open cmd and type psql postgres postgres.

Then type \password to be prompted for a new password.

Refer to my Medium post for further information & granular steps.

Answer 12

This was the first result on google, when I was looking how to rename a user, so:

ALTER USER <username> WITH PASSWORD '<new_password>';  -- change password
ALTER USER <old_username> RENAME TO <new_username>;    -- rename user

A couple of other commands helpful for user management:

CREATE USER <username> PASSWORD '<password>' IN GROUP <group>;
DROP USER <username>;

Move user to another group

ALTER GROUP <old_group> DROP USER <username>;
ALTER GROUP <new_group> ADD USER <username>;

Answer 13

To interactively change/assign the password of an existing user in the psql shell

\password <username>
# you will be prompted for the password that you want to define

If you leave the username blank, it will prompt you to change the password of the 'postgres' user by default.

Answer 14

You can easily change the password by executing the following command line code:

sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD '<new password>'"

However, it should be noted that your unencrypted password will still be visible in plaintext in the command line history.

It would be best if you also used the ENCRYPTED keyword explicitly if using PostgreSQL version 10 or less.

Answer 15

The configuration that I've got on my server was customized a lot, and I managed to change the password only after I set trust authentication in the pg_hba.conf file:

local   all   all   trust

Don't forget to change this back to password or md5.

Answer 16

Use this:

\password

Enter the new password you want for that user and then confirm it. If you don't remember the password and you want to change it, you can log in as "postgres" and then use this:

ALTER USER 'the username' WITH PASSWORD 'the new password';

Answer 17

For my case on Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr), installed with PostgreSQL 10.3: I need to follow the following steps

• su - postgres to switch the user to postgres

• psql to enter the PostgreSQL shell

• \password and then enter your password

• Q to quit the shell session

• Then you switch back to root by executing exit and configure your pg_hba.conf (mine is at /etc/postgresql/10/main/pg_hba.conf) by making sure you have the following line

  local all postgres md5

• Restart your PostgreSQL service by service postgresql restart

• Now switch to the postgres user and enter the PostgreSQL shell again. It will prompt you for a password.

Answer 18

TLDR:

On many systems, a user's account often contains a period, or some sort of punctuation (user: john.smith, horise.johnson). In these cases, a modification will have to be made to the accepted answer above. The change requires the username to be double-quoted.

Example

ALTER USER "username.lastname" WITH PASSWORD 'password';

Rationale:

PostgreSQL is quite picky on when to use a 'double quote' and when to use a 'single quote'. Typically, when providing a string, you would use a single quote.

Answer 19

I was on Windows (Windows Server 2019; PostgreSQL 10), so local type connections (pg_hba.conf: local all all peer) are not supported.

The following should work on Windows and Unix systems alike:

1. backup pg_hba.conf to pg_hba.orig.conf e.g.
2. create pg_hba.conf with only this: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
3. restart pg (service)
4. execute psql -U postgres -h 127.0.0.1
5. enter (in pgctl console) alter user postgres with password 'SomePass';
6. restore pg_hba.conf from 1. above

Answer 20

One hacky way of changing your pgsql password is executing this command in the terminal as a superuser

ALTER USER username WITH PASSWORD 'your password'

You may have to restart your server for this to take effect.

I hope this helps!

Answer 21

This is similar to other answers in syntax, but it should be known that you can also pass the MD5 hash value of the password, so you are not transmitting a plain text password.

Here are a few scenarios of unintended consequences of altering a users password in plain text.

1. If you do not have SSL and are modifying remotely you are transmitting the plain text password across the network.
2. If you have your logging configuration set to log DDL statements log_statement = ddl or higher, then your plain text password will show up in your error logs.
3. If you are not protecting these logs, it’s a problem.
4. If you collect these logs/ETL them and display them where others have access, they could end up seeing this password, etc.
5. If you allow a user to manage their password, they are unknowingly revealing a password to an administrator or low-level employee tasked with reviewing logs.

With that said, here is how we can alter a user's password by building an MD5 hash value of the password.

• PostgreSQL, when hashing a password as MD5, salts the password with the user name and then prepends the text "md5" to the resulting hash.

• Example: "md5"+md5(password + username)

• In Bash:

  echo -n "passwordStringUserName" | md5sum | awk '{print "md5"$1}'
  

  Output:

  md5d6a35858d61d85e4a82ab1fb044aba9d
  

• In PowerShell:

  [PSCredential] $Credential = Get-Credential
  
  $StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
  
  $null = $StringBuilder.Append('md5');
  
  [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create('md5').ComputeHash([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes(((ConvertFrom-SecureStringToPlainText -SecureString $Credential.Password) + $Credential.UserName))) | ForEach-Object {
      $null = $StringBuilder.Append($_.ToString("x2"))
  }
  
  $StringBuilder.ToString();
  
  ## OUTPUT
  md5d6a35858d61d85e4a82ab1fb044aba9d
  

• So finally our ALTER USER command will look like

  ALTER USER UserName WITH PASSWORD 'md5d6a35858d61d85e4a82ab1fb044aba9d';
  

• Relevant links (note I will only link to the latest versions of the documentation. For older, it changes some, but MD5 is still supported a ways back.)

• create role

• The password is always stored encrypted in the system catalogs. The ENCRYPTED keyword has no effect, but is accepted for backwards compatibility. The method of encryption is determined by the configuration parameter password_encryption. If the presented password string is already in MD5-encrypted or SCRAM-encrypted format, then it is stored as-is regardless of password_encryption (since the system cannot decrypt the specified encrypted password string, to encrypt it in a different format). This allows reloading of encrypted passwords during dump/restore.

• Configuration setting for password_encryption

• PostgreSQL password authentication documentation

• Building PostgreSQL password MD5 hash value

Answer 22

And the fully automated way with Bash and expect (in this example we provision a new PostgreSQL administrator with the newly provisioned PostgreSQL password both on OS and PostgreSQL run-time level):

  # The $postgres_usr_pw and the other Bash variables MUST be defined
  # for reference the manual way of doing things automated with expect bellow
  #echo "copy-paste: $postgres_usr_pw"
  #sudo -u postgres psql -c "\password"
  # The OS password could / should be different
  sudo -u root echo "postgres:$postgres_usr_pw" | sudo chpasswd

  expect <<- EOF_EXPECT
     set timeout -1
     spawn sudo -u postgres psql -c "\\\password"
     expect "Enter new password: "
     send -- "$postgres_usr_pw\r"
     expect "Enter it again: "
     send -- "$postgres_usr_pw\r"
     expect eof
EOF_EXPECT

  cd /tmp/
  # At this point the 'postgres' executable uses the new password
  sudo -u postgres PGPASSWORD=$postgres_usr_pw psql \
    --port $postgres_db_port --host $postgres_db_host -c "
  DO \$\$DECLARE r record;
     BEGIN
        IF NOT EXISTS (
           SELECT
           FROM   pg_catalog.pg_roles
           WHERE  rolname = '"$postgres_db_useradmin"') THEN
              CREATE ROLE "$postgres_db_useradmin" WITH SUPERUSER CREATEROLE
              CREATEDB REPLICATION BYPASSRLS
 PASSWORD '"$postgres_db_useradmin_pw"' LOGIN ;
        END IF;
     END\$\$;
  ALTER ROLE "$postgres_db_useradmin" WITH SUPERUSER CREATEROLE
  CREATEDB REPLICATION BYPASSRLS
PASSWORD  '"$postgres_db_useradmin_pw"' LOGIN ;
 "

Answer 23

Change password to "postgres" for user "postgres":

# ALTER USER postgres WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD '<NEW-PASSWORD>';

Answer 24

In general, just use the pgAdmin UI for doing database-related activity.

If instead you are focusing more in automating database setup for your local development, CI, etc.

For example, you can use a simple combination like this.

(a) Create a dummy super user via Jenkins with a command similar to this:

docker exec -t postgres11-instance1 createuser --username=postgres --superuser experiment001

This will create a super user called experiment001 in you PostgreSQL database.

(b) Give this user some password by running a NON-Interactive SQL command.

docker exec -t postgres11-instance1 psql -U experiment001 -d postgres -c "ALTER USER experiment001 WITH PASSWORD 'experiment001' "

PostgreSQL is probably the best database out there for command line (non-interactive) tooling. Creating users, running SQL, making backup of database, etc.

In general, it is all quite basic with PostgreSQL, and it is overall quite trivial to integrate this into your development setup scripts or into automated CI configuration.

Answer 25

For those intend to use it in a CI/CD pipeline, an alternative is to use Clint Bugs' one line solution, and assign the password to a global variable:

sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD '$PGPASSWORD';"

Considering, of course, reading the documentation of the CI/CD tool (I used Semaphore), for the definition of the value of this global variable.

Answer 26

Check file pg_hba.conf.

In case the authentication method is 'peer', the client's operating system user name/password must match the database user name and password. In that case, set the password for Linux user 'postgres' and the DB user 'postgres' to be the same.

See the documentation for details: 19.1. The pg_hba.conf File

Answer 27

Most of the answers were mostly correct, but you need to look out for minor things. The problem I had was that I didn't ever set the password of "postgres", so I couldn't log into an SQL command line that allowed me to change passwords. These are the steps that I used successfully (note that most or all commands need sudo or root user):

• Edit the pg_hba.conf file in the data directory of the DB cluster you're trying to connect to.

  • The folder of the data directory can be found by inspecting the systemd command line, easily obtained with systemctl status postgresql@VERSION-DB_CLUSTER. Replace VERSION with your psql version and DB_CLUSTER with the name of your database cluster. This may be main if it was automatically created, so, e.g., postgresql@13-main. Alternatively, my Bash shell provided auto-complete after entering postgresql@, so you could try that or look for the PostgreSQL services in the list of all services (systemctl -a). Once you have the status output, look for the second command line after CGroup, which should be rather long, and start with /usr/lib/postgresql/13/bin/postgres or similar (depending on version, distro, and installation method). You are looking for the directory after -D, for example /var/lib/postgresql/13/main.

• Add the following line: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust. This allows for all users on all databases to connect to the database via IPv4 on the local machine unconditionally, without asking for a password.

  This is a temporary fix and don't forget to remove this line again later on. Just to be sure, I commented out the host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5 (md5 may be replaced by scram-sha-256), which is valid for the same login data, just requiring a password.

• Restart the database service: systemctl restart postgresql@... Again, use the exact service you found earlier.

• Check that the service started properly with systemctl status postgresql@....

• Connect with psql, and very importantly, force psql to not ask for a password. In my experience, it will ask you for a password even though the server doesn't care, and will still reject your login if your password was wrong. This can be accomplished with the -w flag.

  The full command line looks something like this: sudo -u postgres psql -w -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432. Here, postgres is your user and you may have changed that. 5432 is the port of the cluster-specific server and may be higher if you are running more than one cluster (I have 5434 for example).

• Change the password with the \password special command.

• Remember to remove the password ignore workaround and restart the server to apply the configuration.

Answer 28

Using pgAdmin 4:

Menu Object → Change password...

Answer 29

I had a very specific usecase, where I have a helm chart with a postgres container that has no sudo and the password could change during upgrade. Therefore I had the same issue and I added this to update the password and fix the issue:

su -c "psql -c \"ALTER USER $PGUSER WITH PASSWORD '$POSTGRES_PASSWORD';\"" $PGUSER