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Data Persisters

To mutate the application states during POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE operations, API Platform uses classes called data persisters. Data persisters receive an instance of the class marked as an API resource (usually using the @ApiResource annotation). This instance contains data submitted by the client during the deserialization process.

Data Persister screencast
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A data persister using Doctrine ORM is included with the library and is enabled by default. It is able to persist and delete objects that are also mapped as Doctrine entities. A Doctrine MongoDB ODM data persister is also included and can be enabled by following the MongoDB documentation.

However, you may want to:

  • store data to other persistence layers (Elasticsearch, external web services...)
  • not publicly expose the internal model mapped with the database through the API
  • use a separate model for read operations and for updates by implementing patterns such as CQRS

Custom data persisters can be used to do so. A project can include as many data persisters as needed. The first able to persist data for a given resource will be used.

Creating a Custom Data Persister

To create a data persister, you have to implement the ContextAwareDataPersisterInterface. This interface defines only 3 methods:

  • persist: to create or update the given data
  • remove: to delete the given data
  • supports: to check whether the given data is supported by this data persister

Here is an implementation example:

namespace App\DataPersister;

use ApiPlatform\Core\DataPersister\ContextAwareDataPersisterInterface;
use App\Entity\BlogPost;

final class BlogPostDataPersister implements ContextAwareDataPersisterInterface
{
    public function supports($data, array $context = []): bool
    {
        return $data instanceof BlogPost;
    }

    public function persist($data, array $context = [])
    {
      // call your persistence layer to save $data
      return $data;
    }

    public function remove($data, array $context = [])
    {
      // call your persistence layer to delete $data
    }
}

If service autowiring and autoconfiguration are enabled (they are by default), you are done!

Otherwise, if you use a custom dependency injection configuration, you need to register the corresponding service and add the api_platform.data_persister tag. The priority attribute can be used to order persisters.

# api/config/services.yaml
services:
    # ...
    App\DataPersister\BlogPostDataPersister: ~
        # Uncomment only if autoconfiguration is disabled
        #tags: [ 'api_platform.data_persister' ]

Note that if you don't need any $context in your data persister's methods, you can implement the DataPersisterInterface instead.

Decorating the Built-In Data Persisters

Data Persister Decoration screencast
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If you want to execute custom business logic before or after peristence, this can be achieved by decorating the built-in data persisters.

Here is an implementation example which sends new users a welcome email after a REST POST or GraphQL create operation, in a project using the native Doctrine ORM data persister:

namespace App\DataPersister;

use ApiPlatform\Core\DataPersister\DataPersisterInterface;
use App\Entity\User;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;

final class UserDataPersister implements ContextAwareDataPersisterInterface
{
    private $decorated;
    private $mailer;

    public function __construct(ContextAwareDataPersisterInterface $decorated, MailerInterface $mailer)
    {
        $this->decorated = $decorated;
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
    }

    public function supports($data, array $context = []): bool
    {
        return $this->decorated->supports($data, $context);
    }

    public function persist($data, array $context = [])
    {
        $result = $this->decorated->persist($data, $context);

        if (
            $data instanceof User && (
                ($context['collection_operation_name'] ?? null) === 'post' ||
                ($context['graphql_operation_name'] ?? null) === 'create'
            )
        ) {
            $this->sendWelcomeEmail($data);
        }

        return $result;
    }

    public function remove($data, array $context = [])
    {
        return $this->decorated->remove($data, $context);
    }

    private function sendWelcomeEmail(User $user)
    {
        // Your welcome email logic...
        // $this->mailer->send(...);
    }
}

Even with service autowiring and autoconfiguration enabled, you must still configure the decoration:

# api/config/services.yaml
services:
    # ...
    App\DataPersister\UserDataPersister:
        decorates: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.data_persister'
        # Uncomment only if autoconfiguration is disabled
        #arguments: ['@App\DataPersister\UserDataPersister.inner']
        #tags: [ 'api_platform.data_persister' ]

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