Digital Electronics and Logic Design Tutorials

Number System and Base Conversions

Electronic and digital systems use various number systems such as Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal and Octal, which are essential in computing. Binary (base-2) is the foundation of digital systems.Hexadecimal (base-16) and Octal (base-8) are commonly used to simplify the representation of binary data. T

9 min read

1's and 2's complement of a Binary Number

Given a binary number s represented as a string. The task is to return its 1's complement and 2's complement in form of an array as [onesComplement, twosComplement].The 1's complement of a binary number is obtained by flipping all its bits. 0 becomes 1, and 1 becomes 0. Positive numbers remain uncha

8 min read

BCD or Binary Coded Decimal

Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is a binary encoding system in which each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of binary bits, typically four. Instead of converting the entire decimal number into a binary number, BCD represents each decimal digit separately as its binary equivalent. BCD powers

6 min read

Error Detection Codes: Parity Bit Method

Error Detection Codes: The binary information is transferred from one location to another location through some communication medium. The external noise can change bits from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1. This change in values changes the meaning of the actual message and is called an error. For efficient data t

6 min read

Logic Gates - Definition, Types, Uses

Logic Gates are the fundamental building blocks in digital electronics. There are basically seven main types of logic gates that are used to perform various logical operations in digital systems. By combining different logic gates, complex operations are performed, and circuits like flip-flops, coun

10 min read

Basic Conversion of Logic Gates

In the Digital System, logic gates are the basic building blocks. Â In these logic gates, we can find the gates having more than one input, but will have only one output. The connection between the input and the output of a gate is based on some logic. Based on this logic, different gates are develop

6 min read

Realization of Logic Gate Using Universal gates

In Boolean Algebra, the NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because any digital circuit can be implemented by using any one of these two i.e. any logic gate can be created using NAND or NOR gates only.Implementation of AND Gate using Universal GatesImplementation using NAND GatesThe AND ga

6 min read

Canonical and Standard Form

Canonical Form - In Boolean algebra, the Boolean function can be expressed as Canonical Disjunctive Normal Form known as minterm and some are expressed as Canonical Conjunctive Normal Form known as maxterm. In Minterm, we look for the functions where the output results in "1" while in Maxterm we loo

6 min read

Types of Integrated Circuits

In this article, we will go through the Types of Integrated Circuits, we will start our article with the introductions of the ICs, then we will go through different types of ICs one by one, At last, we will conclude our article will their applications, advantages, disadvantages and some FAQs. Table

7 min read

Minimization of Boolean Functions

Boolean functions are used to represent logical expressions in terms of sum of minterms or product of maxterms. Number of these literals (minterms or maxterms) increases as the complexity of the digital circuit increases. This can lead to large and inefficient circuits. By minimizing Boolean functio

4 min read

Introduction of K-Map (Karnaugh Map)

In many digital circuits and practical problems, we need to find expressions with minimum variables. We can minimize Boolean expressions of 3, 4 variables very easily using K-map without using any Boolean algebra theorems. It is a tool which is used in digital logic to simplify boolean expression. I

5 min read

5 variable K-Map in Digital Logic

Prerequisite - Implicant in K-Map Karnaugh Map or K-Map is an alternative way to write a truth table and is used for the simplification of Boolean Expressions. So far we are familiar with 3 variable K-Map & 4 variable K-Map. Now, let us discuss the 5-variable K-Map in detail. Any Boolean Express

5 min read

Various Implicants in K-Map

An implicant can be defined as a product/minterm term in Sum of Products (SOP) or sum/maxterm term in Product of Sums (POS) of a Boolean function. For example, consider a Boolean function, F = AB + ABC + BC. Implicants are AB, ABC, and BC. There are various implicant in K-Map listed below :Prime Imp

5 min read

Don't Care (X) Conditions in K-Maps

One of the most important concepts in simplifying output expressions using Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps) is the 'Don't Care' condition. The 'Don't Care' conditions allow us to treat certain cells in a K-Map as either 0, 1, or to ignore them altogether, which can help in forming larger and more efficient gr

4 min read

Quine McCluskey Method

The Quine McCluskey method also called the tabulation method is a very useful and convenient method for simplification of the Boolean functions for a large number of variables (greater than 4). This method is useful over K-map when the number of variables is larger for which K-map formation is diffi

8 min read

Two Level Implementation of Logic Gates

The term "two-level logic" refers to a logic design that uses no more than two logic gates between input and output. This does not mean that the entire design will only have two logic gates, but it does mean that the single path from input to output will only have two logic gates.In two-level logic,

9 min read

Half Adder in Digital Logic

A half adder is a combinational logic circuit that performs binary addition of two single-bit inputs, A and B, producing two outputs: SUM and CARRY. The SUM output which is the least significant bit (LSB) is obtained using an XOR gate while the CARRY output which is the most significant bit (MSB) is

3 min read

Full Adder in Digital Logic

Full Adder is a combinational circuit that adds three inputs and produces two outputs. The first two inputs are A and B and the third input is an input carry as C-IN. The output carry is designated as C-OUT and the normal output is designated as S which is SUM. The C-OUT is also known as the majorit

5 min read

Half Subtractor in Digital Logic

A half subtractor is a digital logic circuit that performs the binary subtraction of two single-bit binary numbers. It has two inputs, A and B, and two outputs, Difference and Borrow. The Difference output represents the result of subtracting B from A, while the Borrow output indicates whether a bor

4 min read

Full Subtractor in Digital Logic

A Full Subtractor is a combinational circuit used to perform binary subtraction. It has three inputs:A (Minuend)B (Subtrahend)B-IN (Borrow-in from the previous stage)It produces two outputs:Difference (D): The result of the subtraction.Borrow-out (B-OUT): Indicates if a borrow is needed for the next

3 min read

Parallel Adder and Parallel Subtractor

An adder adds two binary numbers one bit at a time using carry from each step. A subtractor subtracts one binary number from another using borrow when needed. A parallel adder adds all bits at once, making addition faster. Similarly, a parallel subtractor subtracts all bits at the same time for quic

5 min read

Sequential Binary Multiplier

In this article, we are going to learn how a sequential binary multiplier works with examples. So for that, we also need to learn a few concepts related to the sequential circuit, binary multipliers, etc. Finally solving the examples using a sequential binary multiplier method.Sequential CircuitA se

12 min read

Multiplexers in Digital Logic

In this article we will go through the multiplexer, we will first define what is a multiplexer then we will go through its types which are 2x1 and 4x1, then we will go through the Implementation of the 2x1 mux and higher mux with lower order mux, at last we will conclude our article with some applic

10 min read

Event Demultiplexer in Node.js

Node.js is designed to handle multiple tasks efficiently using asynchronous, non-blocking I/O operations. But how does it manage multiple operations without slowing down or blocking execution? The answer lies in the Event Demultiplexer.The Event Demultiplexer is a key component of Node.js's event-dr

3 min read

Binary Decoder in Digital Logic

A binary decoder is a digital circuit used to convert binary-coded inputs into a unique set of outputs. It does the opposite of what an encoder does. A decoder takes a binary value (such as 0010) and activates exactly one output line corresponding to that value while all other output lines remain in

5 min read

Encoder in Digital Logic

An encoder is a digital circuit that converts a set of binary inputs into a unique binary code. The binary code represents the position of the input and is used to identify the specific input that is active. Encoders are commonly used in digital systems to convert a parallel set of inputs into a ser

7 min read

Code Converters - Binary to/from Gray Code

In this article, we will go through Code Converters - Binary to/from Gray Code, we will start our article by defining Code converters, Binary code and Gray code, and then we will go through the conversion of binary code to gray code and vice versa.Table Of ContentCode ConvertersBinary CodeGray CodeC

5 min read

Magnitude Comparator in Digital Logic

A magnitude digital Comparator is a combinational circuit that compares two digital or binary numbers in order to find out whether one binary number is equal, less than, or greater than the other binary number. We logically design a circuit for which we will have two inputs one for A and the other f

7 min read

Introduction of Sequential Circuits

Sequential circuits are digital circuits that store and use the previous state information to determine their next state. Unlike combinational circuits, which only depend on the current input values to produce outputs, sequential circuits depend on both the current inputs and the previous state stor

7 min read

Difference between Combinational and Sequential Circuit

In digital electronics, circuits are classified into two primary categories: The combinational circuits and the sequential circuits. Where the outputs depend on the current inputs are called combination circuit, combinational circuits are simple and effective for functions like addition, subtraction

4 min read

Latches in Digital Logic

Latch is a digital circuit which converts its output according to its inputs instantly. To implement latches, we use different logic gates. In this article, we will see the definition of latches, latch types like SR, gated SR, D, gated D, JK and T with its truth table and diagrams and advantages and

7 min read

Flip-Flop types, their Conversion and Applications

In this article, we will go through the Flip-Flop types, their Conversion and their Applications, First, we will go through the definition of the flip-flop with its types in brief, and then we will go through the conversion of the flip-flop with its applications, At last, we will conclude our articl

7 min read

Conversion of S-R Flip-Flop into D Flip-Flop

Prerequisite - Flip-flop1. S-R Flip-Flop : S-R flip-flop is similar to S-R latch expect clock signal and two AND gates. The circuit responds to the positive edge of clock pulse to the inputs S and R. 2. D Flip-Flop : D Flip-Flop is a modified SR flip-flop which has an additional inverter. It prevent

1 min read

Conversion of S-R Flip-Flop into T Flip-Flop

Prerequisite - Flip-flop Here, we will discuss the process of conversion of S-R Flip-Flop into a T Flip-Flop using an example. Rules for conversion: Step-1: Find the characteristics table of required flip-flop and the excitation table of the existing (given) flip-flop. Step-2: Find the expression of

1 min read

Conversion of J-K Flip-Flop into T Flip-Flop

Prerequisite - Flip-flop 1. J-K Flip-Flop: JK flip-flop shares the initials of Jack Kilby, who won a Nobel prize for his fabrication of the world's first integrated circuit, some people speculate that this type of flip flop was named after him because a flip-flop was the first device that Kilby buil

1 min read

Conversion of J-K Flip-Flop into D Flip-Flop

A flip-flop is a basic component of digital electronics. This kind of circuit has two stable states and is frequently used in storing one bit of information. Various flip-flops such as SR (Set-Reset), D (Data or Delay), JK and T belong to this category. Each category has distinct features and functi

4 min read

Counters in Digital Logic

A Counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Counters are used in digital electronics for counting purpose, they can count specific event happening in the circuit. For example, in

4 min read

Ripple Counter in Digital Logic

Counters play a crucial role in digital logic circuits, enabling tasks such as clock frequency division and sequencing. This article explores the concept of ripple counters, a type of asynchronous counter, their operation, advantages, and disadvantages in digital logic design. What is a Counter?Coun

5 min read

Ring Counter in Digital Logic

A ring counter is a typical application of the Shift register. The ring counter is almost the same as the shift counter. The only change is that the output of the last flip-flop is connected to the input of the first flip-flop in the case of the ring counter but in the case of the shift register it

7 min read

General Purpose Registers

A register is a collection of flip-flops. Single bit digital data is stored using flip-flops. By combining many flip-flops, the storage capacity can be extended to accommodate a huge number of bits. We must utilize an n-bit register with n flip flops if we wish to store an n-bit word.General Purpose

8 min read

Shift Registers in Digital Logic

Pre-Requisite: Flip-FlopsFlip flops can be used to store a single bit of binary data (1 or 0). However, in order to store multiple bits of data, we need multiple flip-flops. N flip flops are to be connected in order to store n bits of data. A Register is a device that is used to store such informati

8 min read

Computer Memory

Computer memory is just like the human brain. It is used to store data/information, and instructions. It is a data storage unit or a data storage device where data is to be processed, and instructions required for processing are stored. Both the input and output can be stored here.It's faster than s

9 min read

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory that stores data temporarily. When you turn off your computer, the data in RAM disappears, unlike the data on your hard drive, which stays saved. RAM helps your computer run programs and process information faster. This is similar to how the br

11 min read

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Memory plays a crucial role in how devices operate, and one of the most important types is Read-Only Memory (ROM). Unlike RAM (Random Access Memory), which loses its data when the power is turned off, ROM is designed to store essential information permanently.Here, weâ€™ll explore what ROM is, how it

8 min read

LMN - Digital Electronics

Digital electronics deals with systems that use digital signals, represented as 0s and 1s, to process information. It is the backbone of modern devices like computers, smartphones, and calculators. Unlike analog electronics, which works with continuous signals, digital electronics offers higher accu

14 min read

Digital Logic and Design - GATE CSE Previous Year Questions

The Digital Logic and Design(DLD) subject has high importance in GATE CSE exam because:moderate number of questions nearly 6-7% of the total papersignificant weightage (6-7 marks) across multiple years This can be seen in the table given below:YearApprox. Marks from Digital LogicNumber of QuestionsD

2 min read

Digital Electronics and Logic Design Tutorials

Introduction

Number System and Representation

Logic Gates

Boolean Algebra

Gate-Level Minimization

Combinational Circuits

Sequential Circuits

Register and Counters

Memory and Programmable Logic

Hardware Description Languages (HDLs)

Data Communication

Quick Links:

Similar Reads

Digital Electronics and Logic Design Tutorials

Introduction

Number System and Representation

Logic Gates

Boolean Algebra

Gate-Level Minimization

Combinational Circuits

Sequential Circuits

Register and Counters

Memory and Programmable Logic

Hardware Description Languages (HDLs)

Data Communication

Quick Links:

Similar Reads

Number Systems

Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates

Minimization Techniques

Combinational Circuits

Sequential Circuits

Conversion of Flip-Flop

Register, Counter, and Memory Unit

LMNs and GATE PYQs

Practice Questions - Digital Logic & Design

Thank You!

What kind of Experience do you want to share?