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Space Exploration

For more than 80 years, NASA Glenn has been conducting research and innovating technologies for the benefit of all. The center has been instrumental in nearly every NASA space exploration and science mission, providing expertise propulsion, power, physics, materials, and cryogenic fluid management. 

NASA Glenn manages several mission-essential projects, hardware development efforts, and test campaigns for Artemis.

(Dec. 5, 2022) On flight day 20 of the Artemis I mission, Orion captured the Moon on the day of return powered flyby. The burn, which lasted 3 minutes, 27 seconds, committed the spacecraft to a Dec. 11 splashdown.

European Service Module

The Orion European Service Module is the spacecraft’s powerhouse, supplying it with electricity, propulsion, thermal control, air, and water in space.

These photos and videos show how crews guided a test version of the universal stage adapter for NASA’s more powerful version of its SLS (Space Launch System) rocket to Building 4619 at the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, Feb. 22. Built by Leidos, the lead contractor for the universal stage adapter, crews transported the hardware from a Leidos facility in Decatur, Alabama, the same day. The universal stage adapter will connect the SLS rocket’s upgraded in-space propulsion stage, called the exploration upper stage, to NASA’s Orion spacecraft as part of the evolved Block 1B configuration of the SLS rocket. It will also serve as a compartment capable of accommodating large payloads, such as modules or other exploration spacecraft.  In Building 4619’s Load Test Annex High Bay at Marshall, the development test article will first undergo modal testing that will shake the hardware to validate dynamic models. Later, during ultimate load testing, force will be applied vertically and to the sides of the hardware. Unlike the flight hardware, the development test article has flaws intentionally included in its design, which will help engineers verity that the flight adapter can withstand the extreme forces it will face during launch and flight.

Universal Stage Adapter (USA)

A Universal Stage Adapter (USA) was envisioned to not only provide the structural connection, but also enable a co-manifested payload to be delivered to orbit.

Propulsion Systems

NASA uses big, powerful rockets that produce millions of pounds of thrust to break free of Earth’s gravity. But once in space, NASA’s most capable propulsion system produces just one pound of thrust while costing less, carrying more, and reaching speeds up to 200,000 mph.

Hall Thruster

Electric Propulsion

Learn how electric propulsion works and why its NASA’s preferred system for deep space missions.

Solar Electric Propulsion

Developing and testing high-power solar electric propulsion for future agency and commercial missions.

An illustration of Gateway in lunar orbit next to the Moon.

Power and Propulsion Element

Proving high-power solar electric propulsion on NASA’s lunar space station called Gateway.

Space Nuclear Propulsion

Space nuclear propulsion is an exciting and advanced technology that aims to revolutionize space travel.

Power Systems

The center is working on advanced power systems, such as solar electric propulsion and fission surface power, to ensure reliable energy sources for long-duration missions. Extended stays on the Moon or Mars present many environmental challenges, including lack of sunlight and extreme temperatures. To overcome these challenges, NASA Glenn is developing power systems that will work together to provide future missions with abundant, reliable power.

Artist's concept of a fission power system on the lunar surface.

Fission Surface Power

Designing a fission power system capable of generating 40 kilowatts of energy – enough to run 30 houses for 10 years.

Masked female researcher behind a Stirling converter taking a measurement.

Radioisotope Power

Enabling science missions to the deepest, darkest, and dustiest parts of our solar system.

In a NASA lab, a male researcher in a white laboratory coat with latex gloves, dips a brush into a beaker filled with adhesive.

Solar Power

Revolutionizing solar power technologies to support exploration on the Moon and Mars while bringing innovations back to Earth.

Microgravity Research

NASA’s deep space exploration efforts start just 260 miles above Earth’s surface. Glenn is advancing our understanding of physics and human physiology on the International Space Station. Much of that work benefits not only NASA missions but life here on Earth.

Advancements in fire safety, life support systems, and crew health can extend mission duration and enhance the safety of space travel.

Biomedical and Physical Sciences

Using spaceflight environments to study phenomena in ways that cannot be done on Earth.

Evaluating a mini x-ray system for dental applications at Cuyahoga Community College in Ohio.

Human Health and Performance

Studying the effect long-term spaceflight has on the human body and developing ways to combat any harmful effects.

The SHIIVER tank sits inside the In-Space Propulsion Facility’s vacuum chamber at NASA’s Plum Brook Station.

Cryogenic Fluid Management

Learning how fluids behave in space to improve propulsion, propellant, and life support systems.

Space Communications

With more entities now exploring space, the environment is becoming more dynamic. NASA Glenn is developing multiple communications technologies—cognitive, optical, quantum—to help manage spacecraft operations for future missions. 

Space communication enables the critical exchange of data between spacecraft and ground facilities during every NASA mission.

Graphic drawing showing the Earth and the Moon with satellites in space linked by lasers to circles showing planetary habitats, satellite dishes and the space station.

Space Communications and Navigation

Performs technology development for a wide range of SCaN capabilities and conducts spectrum management for the agency.

A blue antenna faces to the right with a bright blue sky behind it.

Communications Services Project

Glenn is also investigating how emerging commercial satellite communications capabilities can support future agency missions near Earth.

Space and Planetary Science

NASA Glenn supports the agency’s many planetary science missions by contributing scientific and systems engineering expertise and unique its testing facilities.

Glenn provides unique scientific expertise and capabilities to advance our understanding of the universe around us.

deep space planet pesto

Planetary Exploration Science Technology Office

Developing power, scientific instruments, and other technologies for future missions headed to the furthest reaches of our solar system.

Glenn’s Extreme Environment Rig, GEER

Glenn Extreme Environments Rig

Creates high temperature and pressure environments here on Earth to test technologies in hellish conditions.

Illustration of a rocket launching off the surface the Saturn’s moon Titan.

Compass Lab

A specialized team of engineers and scientists who design and analyze spacecraft and mission concepts for the future.

Materials and Structures

NASA Glenn develops materials for the extreme environments found the surfaces of the Moon and Mars, and for other exploration and science missions to destinations beyond.

Rover Tires with Memory

Building and testing innovative airless tires with shape memory alloys that are nearly indestructible.

An orange-glowing metal plate is heated by a blue torch flame.

Advanced Materials and Structures

Developing materials that can survive in extreme environments and protect our explorers from the harmful effects of space travel.

Images of integrated circuit before and after testing.

Extreme Electronics

Creating silicon carbide materials for electronic subsystems operating in harsh aerospace conditions.