Groot Olie

Wêreldwyd het die netto inkomste van die olie- en gasbedryf in 2022 'n rekord van VS$4 triljoen bereik.^[1]

Na die Covid-19-pandemie het energiemaatskappye se winste gestyg met hoër brandstofpryse as gevolg van die Russiese inval in Oekraïne, dalende skuldvlakke, belastingafskrywings van projekte wat in Rusland gestaak is, en terugtrekking van vroeëre planne om kweekhuisgasvrystellings te verminder.^[2]

Groot Olie is 'n omgangstaalgroepering van die wêreld se ses of sewe grootste publiek verhandelde en belegger-besit olie- en gasmaatskappye, ook bekend as supermajeurs.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]


Naam	Inkomste 2024 (VSD$)^[7]	Wins 2024 (VSD$)^[8]
Exxon Mobil	339.25 billion	48.87 billion
Shell	284.31 billion	16.5 billion
TotalEnergies	195.61 billion	29.82 billion
Chevron	193.41 billion	28.10 billion
BP	189.19 billion	11.47 billion
Eni	140.0 billion	21.0 billion

Die term, veral in die Verenigde State, beklemtoon hul ekonomiese mag en invloed op politiek. Groot Olie word dikwels geassosieer met die fossielbrandstoflobby en ook gebruik om na die bedryf as geheel op 'n neerhalende wyse te verwys.^[9]

Bronne bots oor die presiese samestelling van Goot Olie vandag, hoewel die maatskappye wat die meeste as supermajeur maatskappye genoem word, is ExxonMobil, Shell, TotalEnergies, BP, en Chevron met Eni en ConocoPhillips, voordat ConocoPhillips sy stroomafbedrywighede afgestig het in Phillips 66, word ook gereeld ingesluit. Die frase "Super-Major" het voortgespruit uit 'n verslag wat in Februarie 1998 deur Douglas Terreson van die beleggingsbank Morgan Stanley gepubliseer is. Die verslag het 'n aansienlike konsolidasiefase van "Groot" oliemaatskappye voorspel wat sou lei tot 'n groep dominante "Super Major" entiteite.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] Groot Olie het voorheen verwys na sewe oliemaatskappye wat die Consortium for Iran; die "Sewe Susters" was die Anglo-Persian Oil Company ('n voorganger van BP), Shell plc, drie van Chevron se voorgangers (Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil en Texaco), en twee van ExxonMobil se voorgangers (Jersey Standard en Standard Oil of New York).

Die term, analoog aan ander soos Groot Tegnologie, Groot Staal, Groot Tabak, Groot Soda, en Groot Farma wat nywerhede beskryf wat deur 'n paar reuse-korporasies oorheers word, is vanaf die laat 1960's in druk gewild gemaak.^[14]

Sien ook

Verwysings

↑ "World Energy Investment 2023" (PDF). International Energy Agency. Mei 2023. p. 61. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 Augustus 2023.
↑ Bousso, Ron (8 Februarie 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 31 Maart 2023. Sjabloon:* Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 Februarie 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC News. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2023.
↑ "Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift". Reuters. 1 Augustus 2008. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Mei 2012. Besoek op 28 April 2011.
↑ "Shell will invest despite decline in earnings". The New York Times. 2 Februarie 2006. Besoek op 28 April 2011.
↑ "ConocoPhillips: The Making of an Oil Major". Business Week. 12 Desember 2005. Besoek op 1 April 2016.
↑ Tom Nicholls (2005). Nafta. vol. 56. p. 447. "Whoever coined the term supermajor should have kept some superlatives in reserve. Oil companies may rank as some of the biggest private-sector corporations, but when it comes to oil ..."
↑ "Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by earnings". companiesmarketcap.com (in American English). Besoek op 9 Julie 2025.
↑ "Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by revenue". companiesmarketcap.com (in American English). Besoek op 9 Julie 2025.
↑ "Inside the Big Oil Game". Time. 7 Mei 1979. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 September 2024. Besoek op 11 Mei 2025.
↑ Högselius, Per (2018). Energy and Geopolitics (in Engels). Routledge. ISBN 9781351710282. Besoek op 9 Julie 2022. In global oil parlance, it is common to talk about the 'seven supermajors' comprising ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, BP, Shell, Total and Eni.
↑ Reynolds, Ben (9 Junie 2022). "The 6 Big Oil Supermajor Stocks Ranked From Best To Worst". Sure Dividend. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 September 2022. Besoek op 1 September 2022.
↑ "The super-majors... what and who are they?". OilNOW (in American English). 29 Augustus 2017. Besoek op 1 September 2022.
↑ Herold, Thomas (3 Maart 2017). "What are the Big Oil Super Majors?". Herold Financial Dictionary (in American English). Besoek op 13 Oktober 2022.
↑ C. Wayne Barlow (1969). Corporate Packaging Management. "Even with the price ceilings, gas cost more than it had, prompting consumers to charge that 'Big Oil', and not the Arabs, had used the crisis to squeeze profits from oppressed consumers. Some thought that the oil companies got rich from the ..."

[IEAinvestment_202305-1] "World Energy Investment 2023" (PDF). International Energy Agency. Mei 2023. p. 61. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 Augustus 2023.

[Reuters_20230208-2] Bousso, Ron (8 Februarie 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 31 Maart 2023. Sjabloon:* Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 Februarie 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC News. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2023.

[reut1808-3] "Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift". Reuters. 1 Augustus 2008. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Mei 2012. Besoek op 28 April 2011.

[nyt2206-4] "Shell will invest despite decline in earnings". The New York Times. 2 Februarie 2006. Besoek op 28 April 2011.

[bw29906-5] "ConocoPhillips: The Making of an Oil Major". Business Week. 12 Desember 2005. Besoek op 1 April 2016.

[6] Tom Nicholls (2005). Nafta. vol. 56. p. 447. "Whoever coined the term supermajor should have kept some superlatives in reserve. Oil companies may rank as some of the biggest private-sector corporations, but when it comes to oil ..."

[7] "Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by earnings". companiesmarketcap.com (in American English). Besoek op 9 Julie 2025.

[8] "Top publicly traded oil and gas companies by revenue". companiesmarketcap.com (in American English). Besoek op 9 Julie 2025.

[9] "Inside the Big Oil Game". Time. 7 Mei 1979. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 18 September 2024. Besoek op 11 Mei 2025.

[:0-10] Högselius, Per (2018). Energy and Geopolitics (in Engels). Routledge. ISBN 9781351710282. Besoek op 9 Julie 2022. In global oil parlance, it is common to talk about the 'seven supermajors' comprising ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, BP, Shell, Total and Eni.

[:1-11] Reynolds, Ben (9 Junie 2022). "The 6 Big Oil Supermajor Stocks Ranked From Best To Worst". Sure Dividend. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 September 2022. Besoek op 1 September 2022.

[:2-12] "The super-majors... what and who are they?". OilNOW (in American English). 29 Augustus 2017. Besoek op 1 September 2022.

[13] Herold, Thomas (3 Maart 2017). "What are the Big Oil Super Majors?". Herold Financial Dictionary (in American English). Besoek op 13 Oktober 2022.

[14] C. Wayne Barlow (1969). Corporate Packaging Management. "Even with the price ceilings, gas cost more than it had, prompting consumers to charge that 'Big Oil', and not the Arabs, had used the crisis to squeeze profits from oppressed consumers. Some thought that the oil companies got rich from the ..."

[1]