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Green Party of the United States

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Green Party of the United States
Governing bodyGreen National Committee
Co-chairs
  • Craig Cayetano (NJ)
  • Tamar Yager (VA)
  • Arshia Papari (TX)
  • Wissam Charafeddine (MI)
  • Cassandra Lems (NY)
  • Kalia Fitzgerald (NC)
  • Ann Link (NY)
Founders
Split fromGreens/Green Party USA
HeadquartersTakoma Park, Maryland
Youth wingYoung EcoSocialists
LGBT wingLavender Greens Caucus
Registered voters (July 2026)255,119 (0.20%)[1]
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing[5]
Regional affiliationSão Paulo Forum[6] (2019-2025)
International affiliationGlobal Greens
(2001–2024,[7]
2026–present[8])
Colors  Green
Seats in the Senate
0 / 100
Seats in the House of Representatives
0 / 435
State governorships
0 / 50
Seats in state upper chambers
0 / 1,972
Seats in state lower chambers
0 / 5,411
Territorial governorships
0 / 5
Seats in territorial upper chambers
0 / 97
Seats in territorial lower chambers
0 / 91
Other elected officials163 (June 2025)[9]
Election symbol
Website
www.gp.org Edit this at Wikidata

The Green Party of the United States (Greens or GPUS) is a federation of Green state political parties in the United States. The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice, participatory democracy, anti-war, and anti-racism.

The first green party in the United States, the Green Party was officially formed on July 30, 2001. Party organizers sought to provide an alternative to Third Way politics in the Democratic Party and promote green politics via electoral action and local organizing. The Greens gained national attention during the 2000 presidential election, when the ticket composed of Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke won 2.7% of the popular vote.

The Greens support economic progressive positions including single-payer healthcare, free college, a job guarantee, a carbon tax, a Green New Deal, and reparations for slavery. The Greens support cultural liberal positions including drug decriminalization, transgender health care, youth rights, and abortion rights. The Greens support joining the International Criminal Court, ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, and ending United States aid to Israel.

As of 2026, the Greens are the 4th-largest political party in the United States by voter registration,[a] behind the Libertarian Party, and 3rd-largest by Presidential vote. The Greens have seen limited success in local elections, but almost no success in state or federal elections, behind the Working Families Party or Democratic Socialists of America.

History

[edit]

In 1984, the Green movement began as the decentralized Green Committees of Correspondence,[10][11] which evolved into a more centralized structure by 1990 with forming leadership, bylaws, and a platform.[11]The organization conducted grassroots organizing efforts, educational activities and electoral campaigns.[11] Co-founders included John Rensenbrink and Howie Hawkins.[12]

The Greens had long been divided between fundis, who saw electoral politics as corrupting and wanted to focus on local activism, and realos, who saw electoral politics as a crucial engine of social change. These factions compromised at the 1990 Green National Convention, which would form the Greens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA) in 1991.[13] In 1990, the realo faction created the Green Politics Network, and in 1996, the Association of State Green Parties (ASGP), which sought to run Greens in elections and form a nationwide Green party. The ASGP encouraged and backed Nader's presidential runs in 1996[14] and 2000.[15] The G/GPUSA-ASGP split grew, and in 2001, the two formally split. The ASGP formed an official national party, recognized by the FEC,[16][17][18] soon renamed the Green Party of the United States (GPUS).[11][19] Most state affiliates joined the ASGP. In 2019, the G/GPUSA dissolved.[citation needed] In 2019, the GPUS joined the São Paulo Forum.[6]

In the 2000 presidential election, the Nader campaign won 2,882,955 votes (2.74%), placing 3rd, the highest Green vote total and share then or since.[20] The Nader campaign led to a massive increase of voter registration and donations for the Green party.[citation needed] The Nader campaign was criticized by some political analysts, academics, and Democrats as spoiling the election toward Republican George W. Bush.[21][22][23][24] In 2008, Nader rejected this, saying Al Gore could have won in other ways.[25] In 2019, Nader said he regretted not entering the 2000 Democratic primary,[26] but strongly rejected the label "spoiler" for himself or Jill Stein.[26][27]

In 2012, the Stein campaign won 469,627 votes (0.36%), placing 4th.[28] This was the best Green performance by far since Nader in 2000.

In 2016, the Stein campaign won 1,457,218 votes (1.07%), placing 3rd.[29] After his campaign lost the presidential primary, Independent Senator Bernie Sanders told supporters to vote Clinton, not Green, to avoid a "protest vote" that splits the left-of-center vote.[30][31][32] After the general, Democrats again criticized the Green Party as spoiling the election to Donald Trump.[33]

In 2020, the Hawkins campaign won 407,068 votes (0.26%), placing 4th.[34] The Hawkins campaign led to renewed interest in a dues-paying membership Green Party, rather than one based on state parties.[35][36] The New York Times highlighted several instances where Republicans worked to get the Green Party on ballots in close races, hoping that it would split votes from Democratic candidates.[37]

In 2024, the Stein campaign won 862,049 votes (0.56%), placing 3rd.[38] In September, Democratic Congressmember Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez criticized the Green Party's political strategy as "not serious", a failure to build political power at the local level, and only "show[ing] up every four years" to run presidential candidates.[39] In November, the Global Greens alliance and European Green Party broke ties with the US Green Party, asking Stein to withdraw her candidacy for fear of spoiling the election to Trump.[40][7][41] GPUS rejoined the Global Greens in 2026.[8]

Ideology

[edit]

The Green Party supports green politics and eco-socialism.[3][4] The Greens are usually described as progressive[2] or left-wing.[5]

The Green Party supports the four pillars of green politics,[42][11] which it expands into the Ten Key Values:[43][11]

  1. Grassroots democracy,
  2. Social justice and equal opportunity,
  3. Ecological wisdom,
  4. Nonviolence,
  5. Decentralization,
  6. Community-based economics,
  7. Feminism and gender equity,
  8. Respect for diversity,
  9. Personal and global responsibility, and
  10. Future focus and sustainability.

Political positions

[edit]

Economic issues

[edit]

The Green Party supports the implementation of a single-payer healthcare system and the abolition of private health insurance in the United States.[44][better source needed] They have also called for contraception and abortion procedures to be available on demand.[45][better source needed] The Green Party has called for the repeal of the Hyde Amendment, an act that prohibits the use of federal taxpayer funds for abortions, unless in the cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother.[44]

The Green Party calls for providing tuition-free college at public universities and vocational schools, increasing funding for after-school and daycare programs, cancelling all student loan debt, and repealing the No Child Left Behind Act. They are strongly against the dissolution of public schools and the privatization of education.[46][better source needed]

In 2006, the Green Party developed a Green New Deal that would ultimately serve as a transitional plan to a 100% clean, renewable energy including solar and wind energy by 2030 utilizing a carbon tax, jobs guarantee, tuition-free college, single-payer healthcare and a focus on using public programs.[3][47] Howie Hawkins focused his gubernatorial campaign on the Green New Deal, which was the first time the policy was introduced.[48][better source needed] Jill Stein also developed her presidential campaign based on the Green New Deal.[49]

Ecosocialism

[edit]

In 2016, the Green Party passed a motion in favor of rejecting both capitalism and state socialism, supporting instead an "alternative economic system based on ecology and decentralization of power".[50][better source needed] The motion states the change that the party says could be described as promoting "ecological socialism", "communalism", or perhaps the "cooperative commonwealth".[50][better source needed] The eco-socialist economy proposed by Howie Hawkins is similar to market socialism, with a large sector of democratically controlled public enterprises, a large sector of cooperative enterprises, and a smaller sector of small businesses and self-employed.[51][better source needed] Consumer goods and services would be sold to consumers in the market by cooperatives, public enterprises, and small businesses.[51][better source needed] Services that would be for free include health care, education, child care, and urban mass transit. Goods and services that would be available at low cost would include public housing, power, broadband, and water.[51][better source needed] Howie Hawkins, who was nominated by the Green Party to run for president of the United States in 2020, identifies as a libertarian socialist.[52][better source needed]

Social issues

[edit]

The Green Party favors the abolition of the death penalty, repeal of three-strikes laws, banning of private prisons, legalization of marijuana, and decriminalization of other drugs.[53][better source needed] The Green Party advocates for "complete and full" reparations to the African American community, as well the removal of the Confederate flag from all government buildings.[54][better source needed]

The party supports same-sex marriage, the right of access to medical and surgical treatment for transgender and gender-nonconforming people, and withdrawing foreign aid to countries with poor LGBT+ rights records. The party opposes gender-critical feminism.[54]

The party supports youth rights. They reject the idea that young people are property of their parents or guardians. They support providing mothers with prenatal care. They oppose child abuse and neglect and support young people's rights to food, shelter, healthcare, and education. They support greater student input into their education and sex education and oppose advertisements in schools. They support lowering the voting age to 16.[54]

Democratic reforms

[edit]

The Green Party doesn't accept donations from corporations, political action committees (PACs), 527(c) organizations or soft money. The party's platforms and rhetoric harshly criticize corporate influence and control over government, media, and society at large.

In the early decades of Green organizing in the United States, the prevailing American system of money-dominated elections was universally rejected by Greens, so that some Greens were reluctant to have Greens participate in the election system at all because they deemed the campaign finance system inherently corrupt. Other Greens felt strongly that the Green Party should develop in the electoral arena, and many of these Greens felt that adopting an alternative model of campaign finance, emphasizing self-imposed contribution limits, would present a wholesome and attractive contrast to the odious campaign finance practices of the money-dominated major parties.[55][citation needed]

Some Greens feel that the Green Party's position should be simply to follow the laws and regulations of campaign finance.[56] Other Greens argue that it would injure the Green Party not to practice a principled stand against the anti-democratic influence of money in the political process. Candidates for office, like Jill Stein, the 2012[57] and 2016 Green Party nominee for the President of the United States, typically rely on smaller donations to fund their campaigns.[citation needed]

Foreign policy

[edit]

The Green Party supports slicing the U.S. defense budget in half, as well as prohibiting all arms sales to foreign countries. The Green Party is opposed to American military presence abroad, and in favor of United Nations-led interventions against states committing human rights abuses; during her 2016 presidential campaign, when asked if she would stop giving aid to Israel, Jill Stein answered in the affirmative, while also including Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.[58][59]

The Green Party has opposed American domination over Venezuela historically.

Iran

[edit]

The Green Party calls on the United States to join the International Criminal Court and re-sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and Non-Proliferation Treaty. The Greens want the sanctions against Iran from the United States to be ended, the de-nuclearization of Israel, and the normalization of American-Iranian relations.[58] In 2025, the party's former presidential candidate Jill Stein spoke out against the Twelve-Day War between Iran, Israel, and the United States. When the three countries resumed war in 2026, the party was opposed from the beginning.

Israel/Palestine

[edit]

The Green Party advocates for the Palestinian right of return and cutting all U.S. aid to Israel. It has also expressed support for the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.[60] The Green Party supports a bi-national one-state solution, with the theoretical establishment of a "secular, democratic state for Palestinians and Israelis on the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Jordan as the national home of both peoples, with Jerusalem as its capital."

IIn 2017, the Green Party opposed the Nation-State Bill introduced by Avi Dichter, which the party described as codifying apartheid, and called for the suspension of aid to countries that violate human rights.[61]

After the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks and the subsequent military operations in Gaza, the Green Party called for a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip and accused Israel of war crimes.[62][63][64]

Structure and composition

[edit]

National committees

[edit]

The Green National Convention sets the priorities and leadership of the Green Party. The Convention is also the Greens' presidential nominating convention.

The Green National Committee (GNC) runs the Green Party inbetween conventions. The GNC is composed of delegates elected by affiliated state parties. The state parties also appoint delegates to serve on the various standing committees of the GNC. The National Committee elects a steering committee of seven co-chairs, a secretary and a treasurer to oversee daily operations. The National Committee performs most of its business online, but it also holds an annual national meeting to conduct business in person.[65][better source needed]

In addition, the Green Senatorial Campaign Committee (GSCC), which attempts to elect Green candidates to the United States Senate.[66][better source needed]

Membership

[edit]

Most state Green Parties allow both registered voters and dues-paying members to vote on internal Green party elections and referendums.[67] Over 2019-2021, Howie Hawkins argued that the Green Party should instead use a dues-paying membership model, similar to that of the Democratic Socialists of America and most European Green parties, where only dues-payers can control the party.[68][35] In 2026, the Green National Committee considered a study of the proposal.[36]

Registered voters

[edit]
Voter registration with the Green Party of the United States by year (1986–2020)

As of July 2026 the Green Party has 255,119 (0.20%) registered voters,[1] the 4th-highest in the United States.[a] California has the most registered Greens, at 113,790 (0.49%), while Maine has the highest proportion, at 30,687 (3.42%).[1] At its 2004 peak, the Green Party had 318,931 registered voters.[69][70] The GPUS is the third-largest Green party in the world, ahead of the GP of England and Wales but behind the PV of Brazil and PVE of Mexico.[citation needed] The table below shows the total number of voters registered with the Green Party in each year.[71]

Year Registered voters
2024 249,276
2023 242,882
2022 238,552
2021 246,088
2020 248,071
2019 258,028
2018 257,939
2017 260,874
2016 258,444
2015 256,929
2014 251,900
2013 252,328
2012 251,976
2011 243,226
2010 248,488
2009 249,542
2008 262,050
2007 273,938
2006 297,285
2005 298,031
2004 318,931
2003 302,226
2002 277,241
2001 232,651
2000 204,321
1999 129,183
1998 123,650
1997 110,229
1996 113,440
1995 88,505
1994 92,094
1993 96,113
1992 102,830
1991 101,286
1990 9,552
1989 142
1988 109
1987 24
1986 24

Officeholders

[edit]
2012, 2016 and 2024 Green presidential nominee, Jill Stein, served from 2005 to 2010 as a member of Lexington's Town Meeting.

The Green Party has had limited electoral success at the state legislature and local level. Since the party's creation, 2 Greens have been elected to state legislatures and some other state legislators have switched parties after being originally elected as Democrats. The Green Party has never won a statewide or federal election.

Though some Green congressional candidates have topped 20%, no nominee of the Green Party has been elected to office in the federal government. In 2016, Mark Salazar set a new record for a Green Party nominee for Congress. Running in the Arizona 8th district against incumbent Republican Congressman Trent Franks, Salazar received 93,954 votes or 31.43%.[72]

State legislatures

[edit]

The Green Party has had limited electoral success in state legislatures. In 1999, Audie Bock was elected to the California State Assembly on the Green Party ballot line, but switched her registration to independent seven months later[73] running as such in the 2000 election.[74]

In 2002, John Eder was elected to the Maine House of Representatives, re-elected in 2004,[75] but defeated in 2006.[citation needed]

In 2008, Richard Carroll was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives on the Green ballot line for ballot access reasons. Five months later, he switched parties to Democrat.[76]

In 2010, former Green Party leader Ben Chipman was elected to the Maine House of Representatives as an unenrolled candidate and was re-elected in 2012 and 2014. In 2015, he registered as a Democrat, and served in the Maine Senate.[77][78]

Local offices

[edit]

Gayle McLaughlin was twice elected mayor of Richmond, California, defeating two Democrats in 2006[79] and then reelected in 2010; and elected to City Council in 2014 after completing her second term as mayor.[80] With a population of over 100,000 people, it was the largest American city with a Green mayor.

Fairfax, California; Arcata, California; Sebastopol, California; and New Paltz, New York are the only towns in the United States to have had a Green Party majority in their town councils. In 2012, Twin Ridges Elementary in Nevada County, California held the first Green Party majority school board in the United States.[81]

The Green Party has seen its greatest local electoral success on the Pacific Coast, Upper Great Lakes, and Northeast.[82][better source needed] As of June 2007, Californians had elected 55 of the 226 office-holding Greens nationwide. Other states with high numbers of Green elected officials included Pennsylvania (31), Wisconsin (23), Massachusetts (18) and Maine (17). Madison, Wisconsin is the city with the most Green elected officials (8), followed by Portland, Maine (7).[citation needed]

Defections from other parties

[edit]

In 2012, Fred Smith was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives,[83] but re-registered as a Democrat in 2014.[84]

On September 21, 2017, Ralph Chapman, a member of the Maine House of Representatives, switched his party registration from unaffiliated to Green, providing the Green Party with their first state-level representative since 2014.[85] Henry John Bear became a member of the Green Party in the same year, though Bear is a nonvoting tribal member.

Electoral results

[edit]

Results from 1991-1994 represent the unified G/GPUSA, from 1995-2001 the G/GPUSA faction Association of State Green Parties (ASGP), and 2001 onward the modern Green Party of the United States (GPUS).

Best results in major races

[edit]
National votes for the Greens at presidential elections.

Bold indicates race where Green candidate was elected to office

Office Percent District Year Candidate
President 10.07% Alaska 2000 Ralph Nader
6.92% Vermont 2000
6.42% Massachusetts 2000
US Senate 20.5% Arkansas 2008 Rebekah Kennedy
15.4% District of Columbia 2018[b] Eleanor Ory
14.3% District of Columbia 2006[c] Joyce Robinson-Paul
US House 31.5% Arizona District 8 2016 Mark Salazar
27.5% California District 34 2018 Kenneth Mejia
23.2% Arkansas District 2 2008 Deb McFarland
Governor 10.4% Illinois 2006 Rich Whitney
10.3% New Mexico 1994 Roberto Mondragón
9.5% Maine 2006 Pat LaMarche
Other statewide 32.7% New Mexico State Treasurer 1994 Lorenzo Garcia
32.4% Arkansas State Treasurer 2010 Bobby Tullis
26.7% Arkansas Attorney General 2010 Rebekah Kennedy
State Legislature 67.1% Maine District 38 2002 John Eder
50.9% Maine District 118 2004
48.4% Maine District 118 2006

Presidential elections

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Year Presidential/vice presidential candidate Popular votes Percentage Electoral votes Image
2024 Jill Stein/Butch Ware
(campaign)		 868,963 0.6%
(Third)		 0 EV
2020 Howie Hawkins/Angela Walker
(campaign)		 407,068 0.3%
(Fourth)		 0 EV
2016 Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka
(campaign)		 1,457,218 1.1%
(Fourth)		 0 EV[d]
2012 Jill Stein/Cheri Honkala
(campaign)		 469,627 0.4%
(Fourth)		 0 EV
2008 Cynthia McKinney/Rosa Clemente
(campaign)[e]		 161,797 0.1%
(Sixth)		 0 EV
2004 David Cobb/Pat LaMarche
(campaign)[f]		 119,859 0.1%
(Sixth)		 0 EV
2000 Ralph Nader/Winona LaDuke
(campaign)		 2,882,897 2.7%
(Third)		 0 EV
1996 Ralph Nader/Winona LaDuke
(campaign)[g][h]		 684,902 0.7%
(Fourth)		 0 EV

State and territorial parties

[edit]

Current affiliates

[edit]

Former affiliates

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Voter registration rank excludes the many different "Independent" parties, with which many voters register in error, and which usually do not run any competitive candidates.
  2. ↑ Not recognized as a Senate election by the federal government, and shadow senators do not serve in Congress in any capacity.
  3. ↑ Not recognized as a Senate election by the federal government, and shadow senators do not serve in Congress in any capacity.
  4. ↑ While Stein and Baraka did not receive any electoral votes, Green Winona LaDuke received one vote for Vice President from a Washington faithless elector; the presidential vote went to Faith Spotted Eagle, a Democrat.
  5. ↑ Ralph Nader and Matt Gonzalez, a Green, ran an independent campaign and received 0.6% of the vote, but they were not affiliated with the Green Party.
  6. ↑ Ralph Nader and Peter Camejo, a Green, ran an independent campaign and received 0.4% of the vote; however, they were not affiliated with the Green Party.
  7. ↑ Nader was not formally nominated by the party itself, but he did receive the endorsement of a large number of state parties and is considered as the de facto Green Party candidate.
  8. ↑ In Iowa and Vermont, Anne Goeke was Nader's running mate, in New Jersey it was Madelyn Hoffman and in New York it was Muriel Tillinghast.
  9. 1 2 The Green Party of Rhode Island was disaffiliated since December 29, 2020 due to endorsing Joe Biden for president during the 2020 United States presidential election. The Ocean State Green Party was created in its stead.
  10. ↑ Disaffiliated since January 12, 2021 due to nominating Jesse Ventura as its presidential candidate for the 2020 United States presidential election.
  11. ↑ Deaccredited on July 26, 2021, due to the adoption of the Declaration on Women's sex-based rights in its party platform.[86]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 Winger, Richard (July 24, 2026). "July 2026 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. Retrieved September 21, 2026.
  2. 1 2 Tait, Robert (November 22, 2023). "Jill Stein formally launches 2024 White House bid as Green party candidate". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 Atkin, Emily (February 22, 2019). "The Democrats Stole the Green Party's Best Idea". The New Republic. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  4. 1 2 Hawkins, Howie (February 18, 2024). "Cornel West, Jill Stein, and the Green Party". New Politics. NewPolitics. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  5. 1 2 Resnikoff, Ned (June 23, 2015). "Green Party's Jill Stein Running for President". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  6. 1 2 "GPUS joining the São Paulo Forum". Green Party of the United States. October 27, 2019. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021.
  7. 1 2 Niranjan, Ajit (November 2, 2024). "European Greens ask Jill Stein to stand down and endorse Kamala Harris". The Guardian. Retrieved October 26, 2025. The parties said there was 'no link' between the Greens in Europe and the US. 'The US Greens are no longer a member of the global organisation of Green parties,' they wrote.
  8. 1 2 "GPUS affiliation with the Federation of Green Parties of the Americas and the Global Greens". Green Party of the United States. July 20, 2026. Proposal 1303. Archived from the original on October 7, 2026.
  9. ↑ "Greens in Office". GPUS Elections Database. Archived from the original on June 29, 2025.
  10. ↑ Marks, Jodean (1997). "A Historical Look at Green Structure: 1984 to 1992". Synthesis/Regeneration. 14. Archived from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matthias, Meg (March 19, 2026). "Green Party of the United States". Britannica. Retrieved April 22, 2026.
  12. ↑ "Green Party convention-goers are ready to take on President Obama, Mitt Romney". The Washington Post. July 15, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  13. ↑ "Official Formation of the Green Party-USA". C-SPAN. August 27, 1991.
  14. ↑ "Green Party 1996 Convention". Green Party US. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Green Party of the United States". Green Party US. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  16. ↑ "AOR 2011–13: Advisory Opinion Request (AOR) Seeking Recognition of the Coordinating Committee of the Green Party of the United States as the National Committee of the Green Party" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. August 9, 2001. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  17. ↑ "Coordinating Committee for the Greens/Green Party USA National Committee Governing Body of the "Green Party", Greens/Green Party USA" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. September 7, 2001. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  18. ↑ "Advisory Opinion 2001–13" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. November 8, 2001. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Green Party Founding". www.c-span.org. C-SPAN. July 30, 2001. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Federal Elections 00" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. June 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  21. ↑ Dao, James (November 9, 2000). "The 2000 Elections: The Green Party; Angry Democrats, Fearing Nader Cost Them Presidential Race, Threaten to Retaliate". The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2025.
  22. ↑ Roberts, Joel (July 27, 2004). "Nader to crash Dems' party?". CBS News.
  23. ↑ Burden, Barry C. (2003). "Chapter 11: Minor Parties in the 2000 Presidential Election". In Weisberg, Herbert F.; Wilcox, Clyde (eds.). Models of Voting in Presidential Elections: The 2000 U.S. Election. Stanford University Press. pp. 206–227. ISBN 978-0-8047-4856-8.
  24. ↑ Herron, Michael C.; Lewis, Jeffrey B. (April 24, 2006). "Did Ralph Nader spoil Al Gore's Presidential bid? A ballot-level study of Green and Reform Party voters in the 2000 Presidential election". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 2 (3). Now Publishing Inc.: 205–226. doi:10.1561/100.00005039. Pdf.
  25. ↑ Varadarajan, Tunku (May 31, 2008). "Interview: Ralph Nader". Wall Street Journal.
  26. 1 2 "Ralph Nader Is Opening Up About His Regrets – Washingtonian". November 3, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  27. ↑ Nader, Ralph (June 2, 2016). "I was not a 'spoiler' in 2000. Jill Stein doesn't deserve that insulting label, either". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  28. ↑ "Federal Elections 2012" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  29. ↑ "Federal Elections 2016" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  30. ↑ Kamisar, Ben (July 26, 2016). "Sanders to supporters: Don't go Green". The Hill.
  31. ↑ Sanchez, Chris (September 17, 2016). "Bernie Sanders: Don't vote for a third-party presidential candidate in this election". Business Insider.
  32. ↑ Blake, Aaron (September 16, 2016). "Bernie Sanders, who launched career on protest votes, dismisses Gary Johnson and Jill Stein as protest votes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Jill Stein cost Hillary dearly in 2016. Democrats are still writing off her successor". Politico. June 20, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Federal Elections 2020" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. October 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2022.
  35. 1 2 Hawkins, Howie (January 15, 2021). "The Greens in 2020 elections and beyond". Green Party of the United States.
  36. 1 2 Evans, Jordan Willow (April 8, 2026). "Green National Committee Considers Study of National Membership Dues". Independent Political Report.
  37. ↑ Haberman, Maggie; Hakim, Danny; Corasaniti, Nick (September 22, 2020). "How Republicans Are Trying to Use the Green Party to Their Advantage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  38. ↑ "2024 Presidential Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
  39. ↑ Milman, Oliver (September 18, 2024). "AOC calls the US Green party 'not serious' – can it be more than a 'spoiler' in the election?". The Guardian. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
  40. ↑ "US elections: European Greens call for Jill Stein to step down". European Greens. November 1, 2024. Retrieved March 18, 2026.
  41. ↑ Vela, Jakob Hanke; Sheftalovich, Zoya (November 1, 2024). "Europe's Greens ask Jill Stein to pull out of US election to prevent Trump victory". Politico.
  42. ↑ "The Four Pillars". Green Party US. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  43. ↑ "Ten Key Values". Green Party US. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  44. 1 2 "Green Party Calls For Mass Mobilizations To Protect Reproductive Rights". Green Party US. June 27, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
  45. ↑ "II. Social Justice – Health Care". Green Party US. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  46. ↑ "II. Social Justice – Economic Justice". Green Party US. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  47. ↑ Schroeder, Robert (February 12, 2019). "The 'Green New Deal' isn't really that new". MarketWatch. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Whatever Happened to the Green New Deal?". Howie Hawkins for our Future. August 20, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  49. ↑ "Green Party presidential candidate Dr. Jill Stein is calling for a 'Green New Deal'". The World from PRX. October 8, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  50. 1 2 "IV. Economic Justice & Sustainability". Green Party US. A. Ecological Economics. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  51. 1 2 3 "What's Wrong With Capitalism And Why We Need EcoSocialism. Ecosocialism". Howie Hawkins for Our Future. March 2, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  52. ↑ "Green Party's Howie Hawkins on Anarchism. PRIMO NUTMEG #175". YouTube. May 30, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  53. ↑ "II. Social Justice – Criminal Justice". Green Party US. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  54. 1 2 3 "II. Social Justice – Civil Rights and Equal Rights". Green Party US. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  55. ↑ García, Justin D. (2024). "Green Party of the United States". EBSCO Research Starters. Retrieved April 2, 2026.
  56. ↑ Garecht, Joe (December 8, 2011). "7 Creative Political Fundraising Ideas". Localvictory.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  57. ↑ Becker, Colleen (February 9, 2012). "Long Shots". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  58. 1 2 "I. Democracy – Foreign Policy". Green Party US. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  59. ↑ Stein/Baraka 2016 (October 25, 2016), English: Green Party presidential candidate says the United States must stop funding and arming countries like Israel and Saudi Arabia that commit human rights violations., retrieved October 15, 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  60. ↑ "Greens, Calling for Palestinian Rights, Urge Divestment from Israel". Green Party US. November 28, 2005. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  61. ↑ May 16, 2017. "Green Party of the U.S. supports hunger strike by Palestinian prisoners". www.gp.org. Retrieved October 15, 2026. {{cite web}}: |first= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  62. ↑ "New US presidential candidate demands probe into Netanyahu's 'war crimes' in Gaza". Anadolu Agency. November 10, 2023.
  63. ↑ "Greens Stand up for Peace and Gaza". Green Party US.
  64. ↑ "End the war on Gaza". Green Party. November 14, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2026.
  65. ↑ "#WeAreGreen". Green Party of the United States.
  66. ↑ "The Green Senatorial Campaign Committee". Greenscc.org. Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  67. ↑ Wassermann, Garrett (November 9, 2025). "Dues-Paying Membership and Ranked Choice For GPUS Growth". New Green Horizons.
  68. ↑ Hawkins, Howie (2019). "Read the Case for an Independent Left Party". Howie Hawkins for Our Future.
  69. ↑ "Green Party Ballot Status and Voter Registration Totals (United States)". Green Party of California. May 2005. Archived from the original on May 26, 2008. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  70. ↑ "Green Party Voter Registration Statistics". registergreenparty.org. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Green Party Voter Registration Statistics". registergreenparty.org. October 21, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
  72. ↑ Winger, Richard (December 10, 2016). "Green Party Nominee for U.S. House in Arizona Sets a New Record for Green Candidates for Congress – Ballot Access News". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  73. ↑ "Sole Green Party Legislator Makes Switch". RAND California Policy Bulletin. October 18, 1999. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  74. ↑ "2000 Election Night Returns" (PDF). The Capital Connection. November 8, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2010. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  75. ↑ "Historic Overview". www.gp.org. Retrieved October 14, 2026.
  76. ↑ "Nation's highest-ranking Green switching parties". The San Diego Union-Tribune. April 29, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  77. ↑ Hardy, Ronald. "Maine Greens Elect Three; Plus Independent to State Assembly". Green Party Watch. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  78. ↑ "District 27 – State Senator Benjamin Chipman (D – Cumberland) | Maine State Legislature". Maine State Legislature. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  79. ↑ "Official Results of the 2006 Municipal Election Held on November 7, 2006". Richmond City Clerk's Office. January 25, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  80. ↑ "Results of 2010 midterm elections are mixed bag for Mayor Bloomberg". Daily News. New York. November 7, 2010. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  81. ↑ "Most Greens holding elected office at the same time on a single legislative body". Green Party of the United States. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  82. ↑ "2010 Election Database". Greens.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  83. ↑ Hardy, Ronald. "Fred Smith Elected to Arkansas State House on Green Party Ticket". Green Party Watch. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  84. ↑ Winger, Richard (February 26, 2014). "Arkansas Representative Fred Smith, Elected as a Green Party Nominee in 2012, Files for Re-Election as a Democrat". Ballot Access News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  85. ↑ Cousins, Christopher (September 22, 2017). "Lawmaker's party switch gives Greens a seat in the Maine House". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  86. ↑ "Georgia Green Party closer to being deaccredited". Independent Political Report. June 2021. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Capra, Fritjof and Spretnak, Charlene (1984). Green Politics: The Global Promise. New York: E. P. Dutton, distributed by Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-525-24231-4. Chapter Nine, "The Green Alternative – It Can Happen Here", examined the prospects for a Green party or movement in the U.S., which co-author Spretnak then helped organize.
  • Coleman, Daniel A. (1994). Ecopolitics: Building a Green Society. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, distributed by Chicago Distribution Center. ISBN 978-0-8135-2055-1. By a co-author of the first Green platform. Chapter 10, "From Participation to Power", provides a first-hand and sometimes cautionary look at the U.S. Green movement.
  • Gaard, Greta (1998). Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, distributed by Chicago Distribution Center. ISBN 978-1-56639-569-4. Scholarly survey of the U.S. Greens' first 15 years, from an explicitly social justice and ecofeminist perspective.
  • Green, Donald J. (2010). Third-Party Matters: Politics, Presidents, and Third Parties in American History. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger / ABC-CLIO, distributed by Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4408-3639-8. By a lecturer in American political history. Chapter Six, "Ralph Nader and the Green Party", argues that Nader's 2000 campaign was one of the most consequential third-party efforts in U.S. history.
  • Hawkins, Howie, ed. (2006). Independent Politics: The Green Party Strategy Debate. Chicago: Haymarket Books, distributed by Consortium Books. ISBN 978-1-931859-30-1. Twenty-four Green activists and "allies" including David Cobb, Matt Gonzalez, and Norman Solomon discuss how Greens can disrupt the two-party domination of U.S. politics.
  • Mayer, Margit, and Ely, John, eds. (1998). The German Greens: Paradox Between Movement and Party. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, distributed by Chicago Distribution Center. ISBN 978-1-56639-516-8. Co-editor Ely is a social and political commentator. His Chapter 10, "Green Politics in Europe and the United States", includes a section on the U.S. Greens from a Euro-left perspective.
  • Nader, Ralph (2002). Crashing the Party: Taking On the Corporate Government in an Age of Surrender. New York: St. Martin's Press, distributed by Macmillan Distribution. ISBN 978-0-312-28433-6. Detailed description and analysis of the author's 2000 Green Party Presidential campaign.
  • Rensenbrink, John (1999). Against All Odds: The Green Transformation of American Politics. Raymond, ME: Leopold Press, now permanently closed, no distributor. ISBN 978-0-9660629-1-5. Parts III and IV discuss the Green movement and Green Party, respectively.
  • Satin, Mark (2023). Up From Socialism: My 60-Year Search for a Healing New Radical Politics. New York: Bombardier Books, distributed by Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-63758-663-1. Chapter Eight, "Co-founding the U.S. Green Party Movement", is a first-hand and often critical account of the formative years of the U.S. Greens, from an explicitly radical centrist perspective.
  • Sifry, Micah L. (2002). Spoiling for a Fight: Third-Party Politics in America. New York: Routledge, distributed by Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-93142-7. By a former assistant editor at The Nation. Section III, "Organizing the Left", includes researched, sympathetic material on the early U.S. Greens.
  • Tokar, Brian (1994). The Green Alternative: Creating an Ecological Future. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, distributed by Ingram Publisher Services. By a founder of the Left Greens. Introduces the U.S. Greens and discusses their choices and prospects.
  • Whaley, Rick (2007). How Green Is the Green Party?: Stories from the Margins. Ossipee, NH: Beech River Books, distributed by Ingram Content Group. ISBN 978-0-9776514-9-8. By a founder of the Wisconsin Greens. Critical look at the U.S. Greens from an explicitly decentralist and bioregionalist perspective.
  • Zelko, Frank, and Brinkmann, Carolin, eds. (2006). Green Parties: Reflections on the First Three Decades. Washington, DC: Heinrich Böll Foundation North America, distributed by University of Chicago Press via its Chicago Distribution Center. Large booklet, no ISBN. Symposium papers by global Greens including U.S. Green activists John Rensenbrink, Lorna Salzman, Steven J. Schmidt, Charlene Spretnak, and Brian Tokar.
[edit]
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