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Net international investment position

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.[1] External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP.[2] Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

The international investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world.[3] Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion.[4] By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor[3] By the end of 2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S.[5] At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion.[6]

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

[edit]
List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)
Countries and regions NIIP[7]
(US$ millions)		 GDP[8][9]
(US$ millions)		 NIIP[10]
(% of GDP) 		Date
 Albania -11,468 26,130 -52.1 2024 Q3
 Algeria +50,000 260,134 +19.2 2024 Q1
 Andorra +21,416 3,790[11] +565.1 2023
 Angola -16,623 113,286 -14.7 2024 Q3
 Argentina +75,882 604,382 +26.3 2024 Q3
 Armenia -12,218 25,251 -73.1 2024 Q3
 Australia -560,537 1,802,006 -41.1 2024 Q3
 Austria +116,431 535,804 +21.7 2024 Q3
 Bangladesh -86,746 451,468 -13.5 2024 Q2
 Belarus -19,219 73,129 -51.7 2024 Q3
 Belgium +390,828 662,183 +57.3 2024 Q3
 Bhutan -4,035 3,151 -104.2 2024 Q1
 Bolivia -11,201 48,172 -23.3 2024 Q3
 Bosnia and Herzegovina -6,872 28,404 -24.2 2024 Q3
 Brazil -980,904 2,188,419 -39.6 2024 Q3
 Bulgaria -5,343 108,425 -4.7 2024 Q3
 Cambodia -35,867 47,147 -94.2 2024 Q3
 Canada +1,381,817 2,214,796 +58.7 2024 Q3
 Chile -64,245 328,720 -9.4 2024 Q3
China +3,181,704 18,273,357 +12.9 2024 Q3
 Colombia -185,040 417,207 -51.7 2024 Q3
 Democratic Republic of the Congo -20,837 49,613 -42.0 2020
 Costa Rica -40,539 95,149 -42.6 2024 Q3
 Croatia -20,901 89,665 -22.3 2024 Q3
 Cyprus -30,803 34,790 -84.6 2024
 Czech Republic -29,074 342,992 -8.3 2024 Q3
 Denmark +135,827 412,293 +56.6 2024
 Dominican Republic -75,064 126,238 -59.5 2024 Q3
 Egypt -277,136 380,034 -72.9 2024 Q3
 Estonia -7,982 43,044 -13.2 2024 Q3
EU (only Eurozone) +1,081,222 15,544,860 +7.0 2023–2024
 Finland +56,409 306,083 +19.6 2024 Q3
 France -801,354 3,174,099 -24.7 2024 Q3
 Germany +3,707,527 4,710,032 +77.3 2024 Q3
 Greece -340,644 252,732 -129.8 2024 Q3
 Hong Kong +1,796,920 368,633 +487.5 2024 Q3
 Hungary -74,474 228,806 -33.1 2024 Q3
 Iceland +13,322 32,919 +40.5[12] 2024 Q3
 India -351,091 3,889,130 -9.0[13] 2024 Q3
Indonesia -273,985 1,402,590 -19.5 2021 Q1
 Ireland -465,463 560,566 -80.1 2024 Q3
 Israel +242,701 528,067 +46.0 2024 Q3
 Italy +296,936 2,376,510 +12.2 2024 Q3
 Japan +3,586,621 4,070,094 +88.1 2024 Q3
 Kazakhstan -49,791 292,553 -17.0 2024 Q3
 Kuwait +120,063 161,822 +74.2 2024 Q3
 Latvia -9,861 45,521 -22.3 2024 Q3
 Lithuania +1,112 82,789 +1.3 2024 Q3
 Luxembourg +34,551 91,210 +37.6 2024 Q3
Malaysia -9,482 439,748 +2.2 2024 Q3
 Malta +24,387 24,397 +98.6 2024 Q3
 Mexico -636,520 1,848,125 -34.4 2024 Q3
 Mongolia -42,853 23,669 -181.1 2024 Q3
 Montenegro -8,482 8,110 -104.6 2024 Q3
 Mozambique -69,977 22,495 -311.1 2024 Q1
 Netherlands +532,488 1,218,401 +54.6 2024 Q3
 New Zealand -119,310 252,236 -47.3 2024 Q3
 Nicaragua -17,964 19,412 -92.5 2024 Q3
 Nigeria -71,484 199,721 -35.8 2024 Q3
 Norway +1,611,208 503,752 +318.6 2024 Q3
 Pakistan -128,962 374,595 -34.4 2024 Q3
 Panama -76,574 87,347 -87.7 2024 Q3
 Peru -101,848 283,309 -37.4 2024 Q3
 Philippines -59,236 470,062 -12.6 2024 Q3
 Poland -285,180 862,908 -30.9 2024 Q3
 Portugal -197,311 303,032 -62.8 2024 Q3
 Romania -138,238 380,561 -40.4 2024
 Russia +486,585 1,710,734 +26.8 2021 Q4
 Saudi Arabia +744,164 1,100,706 +67.6 2024 Q3
 Serbia -55,342 82,550 -67.0 2024 Q3
 Singapore +873,348 530,708 +164.6 2024 Q3
 Slovakia -73,393 142,617 -51.0 2024 Q3
 Slovenia +4,660 73,198 +6.3 2024 Q3
 South Africa +111,916 403,045 +27.8 2024 Q3
 South Korea +977,824 1,869,916 +52.3 2024 Q3
 Spain -859,317 1,731,469 -49.0 2024 Q3
 Sudan -85,180 29,793 -248.5 2018–2021
 Sweden +331,662 609,039 +52.5 2024 Q3
 Switzerland +1,082,270 942,265 +114.9 2024 Q3
 Taiwan +1,371,420 759,104 +205.1 2020–2021[14]
 Thailand +37,455 528,919 +7.1 2024 Q3
 Tunisia -63,678 44,265 -162.6 2019–2021
 Turkey -318,218 1,344,318 -23.7 2024 Q3
 Uganda -28,879 55,587 -52.0 2023–2024
 Ukraine -15,181 184,099 -8.2 2024 Q3
 United Kingdom -1,121,667 3,587,585 -31.3 2024 Q3
 United States -26,230,000 29,017,000 -90.4 2024 Q4[15]
 Uzbekistan +16,326 112,653 +14.5 2024 Q3
 Zambia -28,516 25,913 -110.0 2023–2024

Creditor nations

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This is a list of the top creditor nations of the world sorted by their net international investment positions (NIIPs) per capita. A creditor nation is a sovereign state that has a positive NIIP.[16] The table uses the latest available data, mostly from websites approved by the International Monetary Fund,[17] and includes Macau and Hong Kong because of their special economic statuses. Population figures may list citizens only or total population, therefore ranking and figures may vary. The 6 Gulf Cooperation Council countries are widely considered to be creditor nations (and perhaps some of the largest ones), but because of Islamic sensitivities about credit and debt, they seldom report their external assets and liabilities.[18][19]

Country / territory Currency used External Assets

(millions)

External Liabilities

(millions)

NIIP

(millions)

NIIP

(millions USD)

Population Per Capita

(USD)

Date and ref.
Macau – 523% of GDP 244% of GDP 279.6% of GDP 129,175 601,000 214,934 Dec 2015[20][21]
Hong Kong HKD 40,681,611 30,440,448 10,241,163 1,309,268 7,409,800 176,694 Oct. 2017[22][23][24]
Singapore SGD 4,150,371 3,306,317 844,054 596,859 3,902,700 152,935 Dec. 2015[25][26][27]
Norway NOK 12,994,059 6,785,470 6,208,589 701,965 5,213,985 134,631 Dec. 2015[28][29]
 Switzerland CHF 4,260,301 3,651,607 608,694 607,782 8,325,200 73,005 Dec. 2015[30][31][32]
Taiwan USD 1,634,712 580,807 1,053,905 1,053,905 23,492,074 44,862 Dec. 2015[33][34]
Luxembourg EUR 9,470,481 9,454,006 16,475 17,887 576,200 31,043 Dec. 2015[35][36][37]
Netherlands EUR 7,583,186 7,171,832 411,354 446,620 16,980,049 26,303 Dec. 2015[36][38][39]
Belgium EUR 1,973,000 1,719,000 254,000 275,775 11,268,000 24,474 Dec. 2015[36][40][41]
Mauritius MUR 15,178,485 14,106,085 1,072,400 29,934 1,262,862 23,704 Dec. 2015[42][43][44][45]
Saudi Arabia SAR 3,548,790 1,283,100 2,265,690 604,758 24,000,000 25,198 Dec. 2016[46]
Japan JPY 948,729,000 609,466,000 339,263,000 2,812,543 127,043,000 22,139 Dec. 2015[47][48][49][50][51]
Denmark DKK 5,924,000 5,090,000 834,000 121,352 5,707,300 21,263 Dec. 2015[52][53][54]
Germany EUR 7,903,800 6,415,600 1,488,200 1,615,783 81,770,900 19,760 Dec. 2015[36][55][56]
Malta EUR 223,235 218,748 4,487 4,872 429,344 11,347 Dec. 2015[36][57][58]
Israel USD 418,535 283,411 135,124 135,125 8,464,200 8,097 Sep. 2017[59][60]
South Korea USD 1,494,722 1,173,651 321,071 321,071 52,617,000 6,104 Jun. 2018[61][62]
Russia USD 1,596,563 772,192 824,371 824,371 146,500,000 5,627 Mar. 2023[63][64]
China USD 6,218,905 4,622,452 1,596,453 1,596,453 1,367,820,000 1,167 Dec. 2015[65][66]

Debtor nations

[edit]

This is a list of debtor nations of the world sorted by their net international investment positions (NIIPs) per capita. A debtor nation is a sovereign state that has a negative NIIP, i.e. a country that has net external liabilities, not net external assets.[67] The table uses data from respective national government statistical agencies, Eurostat, or IMF. Though many do, a large portion of nations do not report data to the IMF. Note that parallel reports from government or international agencies may report vastly different data.

Country / territory Currency used External Assets

(millions)

External Liabilities

(millions)

NIIP

(millions)

NIIP

(millions USD)

Population Per capita

(USD)

% of GDP Date
United States[68] USD 31,680,100 47,792,200 –16,112,100 –16,112,100 332,300,000 –48,487 –63.3% 4Qtr 2022
Australia[69] AUD – – –1,043,300 –762,000 24,000,000 –31,758 –56.8% Sep 2016
Greece[70] EUR – – –222,323 –266,787 10,000,000 –26,678 –126.4% 2014
Cyprus[70] EUR – – –24,468 –29,361 1,140,000 –25,755 –139.8% 2014
Portugal[70] EUR – – –196,053 –235,263 10,500,000 –22,406 –113.3% 2014
Spain[71] EUR – – –978,000 –978,000 46,400,000 –21,005 –81.7% Q2 2018
United Kingdom[70] GBP – – –431,454 –690,326 65,000,000 –10,620 –24.1% 2014
Brazil[72] USD 777,674 1,434,811 –657,136 –657,136 205,000,000 –3,567 –31.2% Jun 2015
Indonesia[73] USD 214,481 627,588 –413,106 –413,106 250,000,000 –1,652 –47.5% Dec 2014
India[74] INR 920,600 1,280,400 –359,800 –359,800 1,410,000,000 –255 –11.6% Mar 2022
Philippines[75] USD 240,935 368,557 –27,603 –27,603 113,000,000 –244 –7.0% Dec 2021

See also

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Statistics

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