Second generation planet

A second generation planet is a type of exoplanet that forms in a binary star system when one of the stars becomes a red giant and mass transfers from it to an accretion disk around the other star where the planet can form.^[1]^[2] This accretion disk is referred to by the name second-generation disk as it is the second accretion disk to form around the star. The material within the second-generation disk contains more metal and dust than first proto stellar disks that normally form around stars due to the material ejected from the stellar winds of the older stars.^[1] This results in the second-generation planets containing higher levels of metal and dust. The second-generation planets take approximately one million years to form from the disk of material. It is also possible for a third-generation disk to form even later in the binary system’s life.^[1]^[3]

Alternatively a second generation planet can form as a pulsar planet or form around a single white dwarf such as HS 0209+0832.^[4]

References

1 2 3 Perets, Hagai P. (27 January 2010). "Second generation planets". arXiv:1001.0581 [astro-ph.EP].
↑ Kluska, J.; Van Winckel, H.; Coppée, Q.; Oomen, G.-M.; Dsilva, K.; Kamath, D.; Bujarrabal, V.; Min, M. (February 2022). "A population of transition disks around evolved stars: Fingerprints of planets: Catalog of disks surrounding Galactic post-AGB binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 658: A36. arXiv:2201.13155. Bibcode:2022A&A...658A..36K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141690.
↑ Ledda, Sebastiano; Danielski, Camilla; Turrini, Diego (2023-07-01). "The quest for Magrathea planets - I. Formation of second-generation exoplanets around double white dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 675: A184. arXiv:2304.09204. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245827. hdl:10261/356409. ISSN 0004-6361.
↑ Williams, Jamie T.; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Stone, Nicholas C.; Koester, Detlev; Davies, Benjamin D. R.; Tong, Christopher; Wilson, David J.; Sahu, Snehalata; Swan, Andrew; Beatty, Thomas G.; Ramírez, Sergio H.; Cunningham, Tim; Long, Knox S. (5 October 2026). "Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf". Nature Astronomy. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02983-7. ISSN 2397-3366.

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[Perets_2010-1] 1 2 3 Perets, Hagai P. (27 January 2010). "Second generation planets". arXiv:1001.0581 [astro-ph.EP].

[Kluska_et_al._2022-2] Kluska, J.; Van Winckel, H.; Coppée, Q.; Oomen, G.-M.; Dsilva, K.; Kamath, D.; Bujarrabal, V.; Min, M. (February 2022). "A population of transition disks around evolved stars: Fingerprints of planets: Catalog of disks surrounding Galactic post-AGB binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 658: A36. arXiv:2201.13155. Bibcode:2022A&A...658A..36K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141690.

[3] Ledda, Sebastiano; Danielski, Camilla; Turrini, Diego (2023-07-01). "The quest for Magrathea planets - I. Formation of second-generation exoplanets around double white dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 675: A184. arXiv:2304.09204. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245827. hdl:10261/356409. ISSN 0004-6361.

[williams2026-4] Williams, Jamie T.; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Stone, Nicholas C.; Koester, Detlev; Davies, Benjamin D. R.; Tong, Christopher; Wilson, David J.; Sahu, Snehalata; Swan, Andrew; Beatty, Thomas G.; Ramírez, Sergio H.; Cunningham, Tim; Long, Knox S. (5 October 2026). "Discovery of a second-generation planet candidate accreting onto a white dwarf". Nature Astronomy. doi:10.1038/s41550-026-02983-7. ISSN 2397-3366.

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