x-pack/filebeat/input/httpjson: improve error reporting for schemeless URLs

[efd6]

Proposed commit message

See title.

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• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

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[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/security-service-integrations (Team:Security-Service Integrations)

[mergify]

This pull request is now in conflicts. Could you fix it? 🙏
To fixup this pull request, you can check out it locally. See documentation: https://help.github.com/articles/checking-out-pull-requests-locally/

git fetch upstream
git checkout -b enstricten_url_check upstream/enstricten_url_check
git merge upstream/main
git push upstream enstricten_url_check