[9.2] (backport #10391) feat: update OTel Collector components to v0.137.0

[mergify]

What does this PR do?

Updates the OpenTelemetry Collector dependencies to the current latest version v0.137.0. See changelogs since v1.41.0/v0.135.0 for Core and Contrib.

Also updates Elastic OTel components to versions compatible with upstream v0.137.0.

Why is it important?

We should be keeping the OTel components up to date with upstream as much as possible.

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• [ ] I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• [ ] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in ./changelog/fragments using the changelog tool
• [ ] I have added an integration test or an E2E test

How to test this PR locally

go build .
sudo ./elastic-agent otel
```<hr>This is an automatic backport of pull request #10391 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 7ea323e has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/9.2/pr-10391
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/9.2'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 7ea323ea1.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   NOTICE-fips.txt
	modified:   NOTICE.txt
	new file:   changelog/fragments/1759863922-update-otel-to-v0.137.0.yaml

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   go.mod
	both modified:   go.sum
	both modified:   internal/pkg/otel/README.md

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent-control-plane (Team:Elastic-Agent-Control-Plane)

[elasticmachine]

💛 Build succeeded, but was flaky

• Buildkite Build
• Commit: b8a9341

Failed CI Steps

• x86_64:sudo: default

History

• 💔 Build #28332 failed 18c5e58

cc @andrzej-stencel