fix(ci): Pass image tag details to logcli docker build

[paul1r]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Follow on to #15939. This adds build info to the logcli Docker image.

% docker run docker.io/grafana/logcli:paul1r-fix_build_info_logcli-656b1fa-WIP  --version
logcli, version  (branch: paul1r/fix_build_info_logcli, revision: 656b1faaa)
  build user:       root@buildkitsandbox
  build date:       2025-02-10T14:13:41Z
  go version:       go1.23.6
  platform:         linux/arm64
  tags:             netgo

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR