fix(docker): improve Dockerfile build for source installation

[mangbudie-cmd]

• Remove .git from .dockerignore to allow setuptools-scm version detection
• Add cmake dependency for building from source
• Add pyarrow pre-installation
• Use pip install instead of deprecated setup.py install
• Fix ENV syntax to use key=value format
• Add retry mechanism for apt-get install

Description

Motivation and Context

How Has This Been Tested?

• Pass the test by running: pytest qlib/tests/test_all_pipeline.py under upper directory of qlib.
• If you are adding a new feature, test on your own test scripts.

Screenshots of Test Results (if appropriate):

1. Pipeline test:
2. Your own tests:

Types of changes

• Fix bugs
• Add new feature
• Update documentation

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