fix(dav): return 403 not 404 on denied write to a readable resource

[ndo84bw]

Summary

Write access to a shared read-only calendar or shared read-only address book is answered by the server with 404 Not Found instead of 403 Forbidden. The user can see the resource (READ is allowed, GET returns 200 and it appears in PROPFIND), but a PUT or DELETE on it reports 404. Clients cannot derive a meaningful error from that.

The cause is DavAclPlugin::checkPrivileges: on an ACL denial, 404 is thrown unconditionally for every non-owner (protection against resource enumeration, originally owncloud/core#22578).

RFC 3744 (WebDAV Access Control Protocol) Section 3:

Servers MUST report a 403 "Forbidden" error if access is denied, except in the case where the privilege restricts the ability to know the resource exists, in which case 404 "Not Found" may be returned.

So returning 404 is fine, but only if the user cannot read the resource. Since the calendar is shared read-only, the user does have the right to see it and should get a 403.

The fix adds a read check before the 404: if the requesting user has READ on the resource, the real authorization error is returned - a 403 with the DAV:need-privileges body (RFC 3744 Section 7.1.1) - instead of the 404. Without read permission it stays 404. (An owner already received a plain 403 Forbidden from the pre-existing owner check and is unchanged.)

The change sits at a single central point through which all DAV ACL checks pass; it therefore applies uniformly to CalDAV and CardDAV and to all write operations (PUT, PROPPATCH, MKCOL/MKCALENDAR, bind/unbind = DELETE/MOVE/COPY).

Side note: the CalDAVTester suite apps/dav/tests/testsuits/caldavtest/tests/CalDAV/sharing-calendars.xml (test suite "Change to read-only calendar"), commented out since 2016, already expects 403 for a read-only PUT - the current behavior deviates from that. Reactivating this suite would be a reasonable follow-up step, but it is not part of this PR.

Tested

Unit
Three scenarios, each using a DataProvider against a Calendar AND an AddressBook node.

• Non-owner with READ, without WRITE -> NeedPrivileges (403)
• Non-owner without READ -> NotFound (404) with type-correct message
• Owner without privilege -> Forbidden (403) << (Example is Birthday Calendar)

Live (on NC master)
Calendar and address book shared read-only by User1 to User2 via the web interface. User2 then attempted writing events into the read-only shared calendar and writing contacts into the read-only shared address book.

Via Thunderbird and via curl. Result:

Operation on read-only share	missing privilege	Before	After
PUT create (CalDAV, If-None-Match:*)	bind	404	403
PUT modify (CalDAV, If-Match)	write-content	404	403
DELETE object (CalDAV)	unbind	404	403
PUT create (CardDAV, read-only address book)	bind	404	403
PROPPATCH displayname (write-properties IS allowed on the share)	-	207	207 (unchanged)
PUT into calendar WITHOUT read permission (foreign admin calendar)	-	404	404 (enumeration protection unchanged)

With Curl only:

Operation on read-only share	Before	After
MOVE object out of the read-only share	404	403
MKCALENDAR under a read-only, not writable calendar	404	403
MKCALENDAR in another user's calendar home without read access	404	404 (enumeration protection unchanged)
MKCOL	405	405 (Apache error, not our code)

Manual reproduction (curl)

Setup: User1 shares their "personal" calendar read-only with User2.
User2 mounts it at .../calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/.

BASE=https://your-instance.example

# User2 CAN read the resource (its existence is not a secret):
curl -u User2:<pw> \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/evt.ics"
# -> 200 OK

# ...but writing it is denied. On master:
curl -u User2:<pw> -X PUT \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/evt.ics" \
  -H 'If-None-Match: *' -H 'Content-Type: text/calendar' --data-binary @evt.ics
# -> 404 Not Found  (Sabre\DAV\Exception\NotFound: "Calendar ... could not be found")

# With this change the same request returns:
# -> 403 Forbidden  (Sabre\DAVACL\Exception\NeedPrivileges; body carries <d:need-privileges>)

# The same 404 -> 403 flip holds for every write method routed through the ACL check,
# e.g. deleting, moving, or creating a collection in the read-only share:
curl -u User2:<pw> -X DELETE \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/evt.ics"
# master: 404  ->  with change: 403   (unbind)

curl -u User2:<pw> -X MOVE \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/evt.ics" \
  -H "Destination: $BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal/evt.ics"
# master: 404  ->  with change: 403   (unbind on the read-only source)

curl -u User2:<pw> -X MKCALENDAR \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User2/personal_shared_by_User1/sub"
# master: 404  ->  with change: 403   (write on the read-only parent)

# Enumeration guard unchanged: a resource User2 may NOT read at all still returns 404,
# so its existence stays hidden. E.g. an unshared calendar of User1:
curl -u User2:<pw> -X PUT \
  "$BASE/remote.php/dav/calendars/User1/private/evt.ics" \
  -H 'If-None-Match: *' -H 'Content-Type: text/calendar' --data-binary @evt.ics
# -> 404 Not Found  (unchanged, before and after)

Checklist

• Code is properly formatted
• Sign-off message is added to all commits
• Tests (unit, integration, api and/or acceptance) are included
• Screenshots before/after for front-end changes
• Documentation (manuals or wiki) has been updated or is not required
• Backports requested where applicable (ex: critical bugfixes)
• Labels added where applicable (ex: bug/enhancement, 3. to review, feature component)
• Milestone added for target branch/version (ex: 32.x for stable32)

AI (if applicable)

• The content of this PR was partly or fully generated using AI
• Helped analyze the code
• Suggested code
• Wrote the unit test
• Built and executed the curl tests on patched master
• Found the disabled test in sharing-calendars.xml