[feat] New Data Structure: Splay Tree Implementation

[SamXop123]

Splay Tree Implementation

Description

This PR introduces a comprehensive implementation of a Splay Tree, a self-adjusting binary search tree with excellent performance characteristics for many use cases. The implementation includes all standard operations with proper splaying behavior.

Features

• Core Operations: Insert, find, contains, remove
• Tree Traversals: In-order, pre-order, post-order
• Utility Methods: findMin, findMax, getHeight, isEmpty
• Splaying Operations: zig, zig-zig, zig-zag rotations
• Custom Comparators: Support for custom comparison functions
• Comprehensive Test Coverage: 91.77% statement coverage, 85.63% branch coverage

Implementation Details

• SplayTreeNode.js: Node class with rotation and splaying logic
• SplayTree.js: Main tree class with public API
• Test Files: 45+ test cases covering all functionality

Performance

• Average Case: O(log n) for search, insert, and delete
• Amortized Analysis: O(log n) per operation

Example Usage

const tree = new SplayTree();
tree.insert(10);
tree.insert(5);
tree.insert(15);
console.log(tree.contains(5)); // true
console.log(tree.findMin());  // 5
console.log(tree.findMax());  // 15

Checklist

• Implement core functionality
• Add comprehensive test cases
• Add JSDoc comments
• Update README with usage and documentation
• Ensure proper error handling

Related Issues

Closes #271