In 1968, the NATO conference held in Garmisch gave new visibility to a still relatively recent expression: software engineering.
The term was far from neutral. It asserted that producing complex software could no longer be regarded as merely a programming activity. Large systems were facing delays, cost overruns, maintenance difficulties, and reliability problems.
The “software crisis” was, to a large extent, a crisis caused by a change in scale.
But naming a discipline is not enough to make it exist.
During the 1970s, its boundaries with programming languages, systems, formal methods, and programming itself remained blurred. Figures such as Edsger Dijkstra, Tony Hoare, and Niklaus Wirth helped establish the intellectual foundations needed to think about software more rigorously, while large systems raised very practical problems of organization, design, and maintenance.
Tony Wasserman is a key figure in this transition.
In the mid-1970s, together with Stockton Gaines, he proposed that the ACM create a group specifically devoted tosoftware engineering. Wasserman later recalled encountering resistance, particularly from SIGPLAN: why separate software engineering from programming languages?
For him, the answer was clear: building a banking system or an airline reservation system could not be reduced to the language used to implement it.
In 1976, SICSOFT, the Special Interest Committee on Software Engineering, was created and transformed into SIGSOFT in 1977. Wasserman became its first chairman, while Peter G. Neumann played an important role in Software Engineering Notes, which helped structure the community and disseminate its work.
This institutional development paralleled the creation of the field’s scientific venues. In 1975, Harlan Mills and Dennis Fife organized the first National Conference on Software Engineering.
In 1976, it became the International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE, under the leadership of Raymond T. Yeh and C. V. Ramamoorthy.
A discipline was taking shape.
Requirements, architecture, specification, verification, validation, testing, debugging, processes, maintenance, configuration management, and security progressively became research subjects in their own right.
A theory can be evaluated through its consistency or formal results. A development method, architecture, or tool must also demonstrate its value on real projects, with real teams, sometimes over several years.
SIGSOFT is therefore one of the clearest heirs of Garmisch: not the inventor of software engineering, but one of the institutions that transformed a 1968 aspiration into a genuine professional field.
Tony Wasserman embodies this history particularly well: the moment when it became necessary to establish that programming and software engineering were not quite the same thing.