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The Defense360 microsite is the home for research conducted by experts from the CSIS International Security Program (ISP). Defense360 features reliable, nonpartisan analysis and commentary from ISP experts on key elements of national security policy including strategy, budget, forces, acquisition, and reform. This analysis informs policymakers' decisions on the threats and opportunities shaping U.S. interests at home and abroad.

In addition to commentary and analysis, the microsite features Defense360 Series, collections of timely research that address the most pressing questions in national security and provide recommendations for a way forward. Current series include research on defense reform, the outlook for the defense sector, and the presidential transition and its implications on national security.

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Six Reasons Why the United States Is Low on Munitions

The Iran war has exacerbated the Pentagon’s shortage of key munitions, but it is not the only cause. There are also longstanding strategic, operational, and institutional reasons.

Commentary by Mark F. Cancian and Chris H. Park — July 31, 2026

The War May Be Ending. What Did Epic Fury Cost?

Iran war costs are estimated to be between $34 billion and $42 billion. As neither the FY 2026 defense budget nor the FY 2027 budget request includes war costs, Congress faces a major battle over paying for the war.

Report by Mark F. Cancian and Chris H. Park — June 23, 2026

Last Rounds? Status of Key Munitions at the Iran War Ceasefire

The United States has depleted its missile inventories but still has enough to continue fighting this war under any plausible scenario. The risk is with future wars—particularly against a peer competitor like China.

Report by Mark F. Cancian and Chris H. Park — April 21, 2026

$3.7 Billion: Estimated Cost of Epic Fury’s First 100 Hours

Operation Epic Fury costs nearly $900 million per day, driven by the large expenditure of munitions. Because most of this is not in the budget, the Pentagon will soon need to ask for more money.

Commentary by Mark F. Cancian and Chris H. Park — March 5, 2026

U.S. Military in the Middle East: Numbers Behind Trump’s Threats Against Iran

Eight months after Operation Midnight Hammer, the United States has again moved large air and naval forces to the Middle East. These can launch punitive strikes on Iran and protect U.S. allies and partners but lack the capability for ground operations, raids, or regime change.

Commentary by Mark F. Cancian and Chris H. Park — February 20, 2026