Data

The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) is a composite index developed by the OECD Development Centre, serving as a statistical tool to measure the root causes of gender inequality globally. To do so, the SIGI collects and aggregates data on gender-based discrimination in formal and informal laws as well as in social norms. This methodology presents the conceptual and methodological framework of the fifth edition of the SIGI, published in 2023. It describes in detail the various processes employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data, the construction and encoding of the legal, attitudinal and practice variables of the framework, and the aggregation of the different elements of the framework into one single composite measure. Finally, the methodology provides some statistical results of the fifth edition of the SIGI, including by comparing SIGI scores against other major international gender indices.

This paper presents an overview of the sources and methodologies used to construct the new OECD Productivity Database (PDB). Compared to previous vintage, the new PDB offers more granular indicators at the A21 level of industrial activity. It provides comprehensive annual measures of output, value added and its components, labour input, investment, capital stock and services, and multifactor productivity across 41 OECD and accession countries, allowing more detailed cross-country comparisons. Additionally, the paper highlights key insights on productivity developments, showcasing the potential of the PDB to inform research and policy analysis.

The BIMTS dataset is a complete, consistent and balanced merchandise trade matrix, covering around 200 reporters and partners and over 5 500 products at the HS 6-digit level, disseminated both according to the HS 2017 and the CPA v.2 classifications. This technical paper describes the transparent and modular approach used to address the possible causes of trade asymmetries. Building on and improving on previous efforts by the OECD as well as other initiatives, BIMTS leverages a number of algorithms to convert data to the most current HS version, correct for product misclassifications, map confidential trade flows by product and by partner to the most likely explicit codes, and ensure the same valuation of exports and imports. Importantly, the latest edition of BIMTS also introduces a novel algorithm which identifies re-export flows and reallocates them to producer countries to better reflect the origin of value added. The sequential application of these adjustments substantially reduces the observed trade asymmetries before a mechanical balancing procedure, based on a measure of quality of reporting, is applied.

Governments expect companies to go beyond the adoption of anti-corruption compliance programmes by assessing their actual effectiveness in mitigating corruption risks and promoting a culture of integrity. This paper takes stock of existing guidance from public authorities on anti-corruption compliance criteria and assessment methodologies, as well as challenges faced by those authorities to build capacity, resources and access to expertise. It highlights areas where governments can learn from private sector and other stakeholders’ practices, including on the use of data and new technologies. Looking forward, the paper sets out companies’ recommendations to governments on how to better communicate their expectations regarding anti-corruption compliance programmes, assessment criteria, methodologies and tools.