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Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center
Image
  • See Also
    • AnimatedImage
    • DynamicImage
    • Image3D
    • Video
    • Rasterize
    • Graphics
    • Raster
    • ArrayPlot
    • ImagePyramid
    • ImageDimensions
    • Binarize
    • ImageData

    • Interpreter Types
    • Image

    • Net Encoders
    • Image

    • Formats
    • TIFF
    • JPEG
    • PNG
    • GIF
  • Related Guides
    • Image Processing & Analysis
    • Image Representation
    • Creating & Importing Images
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Form Structure & Layout
    • Scientific Data Analysis
    • Wolfram Data Repository
  • Tech Notes
    • Image Processing
    • See Also
      • AnimatedImage
      • DynamicImage
      • Image3D
      • Video
      • Rasterize
      • Graphics
      • Raster
      • ArrayPlot
      • ImagePyramid
      • ImageDimensions
      • Binarize
      • ImageData

      • Interpreter Types
      • Image

      • Net Encoders
      • Image

      • Formats
      • TIFF
      • JPEG
      • PNG
      • GIF
    • Related Guides
      • Image Processing & Analysis
      • Image Representation
      • Creating & Importing Images
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
      • Form Structure & Layout
      • Scientific Data Analysis
      • Wolfram Data Repository
    • Tech Notes
      • Image Processing

Image[data]

represents a raster image with pixel values given by the array data.

Image[graphics]

creates a raster image from a graphics object.

Image[obj,options]

gives an image that uses the specified options.

Details and Options
Details and Options Details and Options
Background & Context
Examples  
Basic Examples  
Scope  
Basic Uses  
Creating an Image  
Arithmetic & Statistical Operations  
Options  
ColorSpace  
ImageResolution  
ImageSize  
Interleaving  
Magnification  
MetaInformation  
Applications  
Properties & Relations  
See Also
Tech Notes
Related Guides
Related Links
History
Cite this Page
BUILT-IN SYMBOL
  • See Also
    • AnimatedImage
    • DynamicImage
    • Image3D
    • Video
    • Rasterize
    • Graphics
    • Raster
    • ArrayPlot
    • ImagePyramid
    • ImageDimensions
    • Binarize
    • ImageData

    • Interpreter Types
    • Image

    • Net Encoders
    • Image

    • Formats
    • TIFF
    • JPEG
    • PNG
    • GIF
  • Related Guides
    • Image Processing & Analysis
    • Image Representation
    • Creating & Importing Images
    • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
    • Form Structure & Layout
    • Scientific Data Analysis
    • Wolfram Data Repository
  • Tech Notes
    • Image Processing
    • See Also
      • AnimatedImage
      • DynamicImage
      • Image3D
      • Video
      • Rasterize
      • Graphics
      • Raster
      • ArrayPlot
      • ImagePyramid
      • ImageDimensions
      • Binarize
      • ImageData

      • Interpreter Types
      • Image

      • Net Encoders
      • Image

      • Formats
      • TIFF
      • JPEG
      • PNG
      • GIF
    • Related Guides
      • Image Processing & Analysis
      • Image Representation
      • Creating & Importing Images
      • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
      • Form Structure & Layout
      • Scientific Data Analysis
      • Wolfram Data Repository
    • Tech Notes
      • Image Processing

Image

Image[data]

represents a raster image with pixel values given by the array data.

Image[graphics]

creates a raster image from a graphics object.

Image[obj,options]

gives an image that uses the specified options.

Details and Options

  • Images are rectangular grids of pixels captured by a camera or an imaging device. Images are typically compressed and stored in formats such as TIFF, JPEG, PNG and more.
  • Image[…] displays in a notebook as an image.
  • Image[data] arranges successive rows of data down the page, and successive columns across.
  • In Image[data], each element of data can specify values for any number of channels.
  • Elements of data can be any of the following:
  • vrendered as gray level from 0 (black) to 1 (white)
    {r,g,b}rendered as red, green, blue values from 0 to 1
    {c1,c2,c3,…}channel values rendered by equally spaced hues
    colorspecific color
  • The input array data can be given as a List, NumericArray, SparseArray, etc.
  • Image[data] by default allows any real number, but displays only values between 0 and 1.
  • Image[data,"type"] can be used to create an image of a specified data type. Values in data are coerced to the specified type by rounding or clipping. By default, "Real32" is assumed.
  • Possible settings for "type" include:
  • "Bit"integer 0 or 1
    "Byte"integer 0 through 255
    "Bit16"integer 0 through 65535
    "Real32"single-precision real (32 bit)
    "Real64"double-precision real (64 bit)
  • Image[image,"type"] can be used to convert between types.
  • Image is treated as a raw object by functions like AtomQ, and for purposes of pattern matching.
  • The following options can be specified:
  • AlignmentPointCenterthe default point in the graphic to align with
    BaselinePositionAutomatichow to align with a surrounding text baseline
    ColorSpace Automaticwhat color space to assume for the data
    ImageResolution Automaticthe resolution when displayed or exported
    ImageSize Automaticdisplay size of the image
    Interleaving Automaticwhether to assume channels are interleaved
    Magnification Automatichow to magnify the displayed image
    MetaInformation <||>metainformation associated with the image
  • ColorSpace->cs specifies that values in the data should be interpreted as coordinates in a particular color space cs. ColorSpace->Automatic treats values as arbitrary channel intensities.
  • Image[graphics] effectively uses Rasterize[graphics,"Image"] to rasterize graphics.
  • Image[Raster[…]] converts a Raster object to an image.
  • Image[image,opts] effectively resets the options for an image.
  • Arithmetic and statistical operations such as Log, Plus and Mean can work directly with images. »
  • Information for Image may include the following properties:
  • "Channels"number of image channels
    "ColorSpace"the color space to assume for data
    "DataType"underlying data type
    "ImageDimensions"pixel dimensions
    "Interleaving"whether data is stored interleaved
    "Transparency"whether the image has transparency (alpha) channel

Background & Context

  • Image provides unified symbolic representation for a large variety of digital image formats (e.g. GIF, PNG, JPG) as found on the internet and elsewhere. In particular, an Image object contains a two-dimensional array of values (or lists of values) that represents a raster image. Images are commonly encountered in digital photography, digitization of text and pictures, scientific visualization, and a wide variety of other fields. The data inside an image may take on a variety of values depending on if the image is binary, grayscale, RGB, CMYK, includes an alpha channel, etc.
  • Upon output, an Image formats as a picture of the actual image, not as a 2D array of values. Image objects may be exported to a variety of standard image formats using Export, and images in a number of formats may be imported as Image objects using Import. Image objects may also be inserted into a notebook by drag-and-drop from external applications.
  • An arbitrary Graphics expression may be converted to an image by applying the function Image to it. Similarly, an image may be converted to a raster expression suitable for display with other Graphics primitives by applying Raster to it. The function Show can be used to combine 2D vector graphics (or Graphics objects) with Image objects.
  • The array of pixel values in an image may be obtained using ImageData. ImageDimensions gives the pixel dimensions of the raster associated with an Image object. ImageType gives a label representing the number type used internally to represent each pixel of an image. Image itself can be used to convert between image types, and ImageAdjust can be used to bring all values of a real-valued image into the range 0 to 1. The number of channels the image contains may be obtained using the function ImageChannels.
  • Options useful for Image objects include ColorSpace, Interleaving, ImageResolution, ImageSize, and Magnification.

Examples

open all close all

Basic Examples  (3)

Create a grayscale image from a 3×3 array:

Wolfram Language code: Image[(⁠| | | | | --- | --- | --- | | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 |⁠)]

Create an RGB channel image from a 3D array:

Wolfram Language code: Image[(⁠| | | | | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 0 \| \| 0.6 \| \| 0 \|⁠) | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 0.4 \| \| 0.1 \| \| 0.8 \|⁠) | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 0.7 \| \| 0.9 \| \| 0.7 \|⁠) | | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 1 \| \| 0 \| \| 0.9 \|⁠) | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 0.6 \| \| 0.6 \| \| 1 \|⁠) | (⁠\| \| \| --- \| \| 1 \| \| 0.8 \| \| 0.3 \|⁠) |⁠), ColorSpace -> "RGB"]

Create an image by importing from a file:

Wolfram Language code: Import["ExampleData/sample.heic"]

Get information about the image:

Wolfram Language code: Information[%]

Scope  (18)

Basic Uses  (3)

Import an image:

Wolfram Language code: Import["ExampleData/rose.gif"]

Change the image type from 8-bit integer to a 64-bit real:

Wolfram Language code: i = [image];
Wolfram Language code: res = Image[i, "Real64"]
Wolfram Language code: ImageType /@ {i, res}

Convert a graphic to a bitmap image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[Plot[{Sin[x], Sin[2x]}, {x, 0, 2π}, ImageSize -> 200]]

Creating an Image  (11)

Import from a file:

Wolfram Language code: Import["ExampleData/girlcloseup.jpg"]

Create from a region:

Wolfram Language code: RegionImage[Annulus[]]

Create a grayscale image from a 2D array of data:

Wolfram Language code: Image[(⁠| | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 |⁠)]

By default, data is assumed to be 0 to 1 and an image of type "Real32" is generated:

Wolfram Language code: ImageType[%]

Create a color image from a 3D array of data:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {4, 5, 3}]]

Create an image from an array of colors:

Wolfram Language code: Image[{{Red, Green}, {Blue, Gray}}]

Create an image of type "Byte":

Wolfram Language code: Image[(⁠| | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 85 | 15 | 126 | 143 | | 238 | 86 | 225 | 199 | | 149 | 211 | 232 | 124 | | 130 | 6 | 102 | 140 |⁠), "Byte"]

Create a binary image from a 3×3 array:

Wolfram Language code: Image[(⁠| | | | | - | - | - | | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 0 |⁠), "Bit"]

Create an image from a SparseArray object:

Wolfram Language code: Image[SparseArray[{{2, 3}, {4, 2}} -> 1, {5, 5}]]

Create a raster image from a Graphics object:

Wolfram Language code: Image[Plot[Sin[x], {x, 0, 2π}, ImageSize -> 200]]
Wolfram Language code: Head[%]

Create an image from a Graphics3D object:

Wolfram Language code: Image[Graphics3D[Sphere[], ImageSize -> 200]]
Wolfram Language code: Head[%]

Create an image from a GeoGraphics object:

Wolfram Language code: Image[GeoGraphics[GeoRange -> "World"]]
Wolfram Language code: Head[%]

Arithmetic & Statistical Operations  (4)

Create a linear combination of two images:

Wolfram Language code: 0.4 * [image] + 0.6 * [image]

Highlight edges in an image:

Wolfram Language code: img = [image];
Wolfram Language code: img - EdgeDetect[img]

Compute statistical measures on images:

Wolfram Language code: stats = {Total, Min, Max, Mean, Median, StandardDeviation};Dataset[AssociationThread[Text /@ stats -> Through[stats[[image]]]]]

The value of a system option "IndeterminateValue" is used to replace values that cannot be stored in an image including ComplexInfinity and Indeterminate.

By default, 0 is used:

Wolfram Language code: SystemOptions["ImageProcessingOptions" -> "IndeterminateValue"]

See the behavior using power:

Wolfram Language code: data = {{0, 1, 2, 3}}; img = Image[data];
Wolfram Language code: data^data
Wolfram Language code: img^img//ImageData

Change the current value of the "IndeterminateValue" option:

Wolfram Language code: SetSystemOptions["ImageProcessingOptions" -> "IndeterminateValue" -> 100];
Wolfram Language code: img^img//ImageData

Reset to the default 0:

Wolfram Language code: SetSystemOptions["ImageProcessingOptions" -> "IndeterminateValue" -> 0 ];

Options  (21)

ColorSpace  (8)

By default, when generating images from data, no specific color space is assumed:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 10}]]

Check for the color space of an image with ImageColorSpace:

Wolfram Language code: ImageColorSpace[%]

Specify the color space:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 10}], ColorSpace -> "Grayscale"]
Wolfram Language code: ImageColorSpace[%]

Generate a random RGB color image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 3}], ColorSpace -> "RGB"]

Random RGB image with alpha channel:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 4}], ColorSpace -> "RGB"]

Generate a random gray-level image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12}], ColorSpace -> "Graylevel"]

Random gray-level image with alpha channel:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 2}], ColorSpace -> "Graylevel"]

Random CMYK image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 10, 4}], ColorSpace -> "CMYK"]

A CIE XYZ image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 10, 3}], ColorSpace -> "XYZ"]

Images with an arbitrary number of channels are stored with ColorSpace->Automatic:

Wolfram Language code: i = Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 10, 12}]]
Wolfram Language code: ImageColorSpace[i]
Wolfram Language code: ImageChannels[i]

Image channels should match the number of channels expected by the color space:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {2, 3}], ColorSpace -> "RGB"]

Change the interpretation of the pixel values in an image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[[image], ColorSpace -> "HSB"]

Use ColorConvert to convert the pixel values to a new space:

Wolfram Language code: ColorConvert[[image], "HSB"]

ImageResolution  (3)

At the default magnification, ImageResolution72 means that 72 pixels will occupy an inch of the screen:

Wolfram Language code: Image[LinearGradientImage[Hue, {72, 72}], ImageResolution -> 72]

Changing the resolution affects the full display size of an image:

Wolfram Language code: Table[Image[[image], ImageSize -> All, ImageResolution -> dpi], {dpi, {72, 108, 144, 180}}]

The value of ImageResolution may be automatically set by some functions:

Wolfram Language code: Rasterize[Style[Exp[Pi], 50], ImageResolution -> 200]
Wolfram Language code: %//Options

ImageSize  (3)

Image with an explicit setting for the width:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 3}], ImageSize -> 100]

With ImageSize->Automatic, images may appear larger or smaller than their actual size:

Wolfram Language code: Table[RandomImage[1, {1, 1}2^n, ImageSize -> Automatic], {n, 7}]

Use ImageSize->All to see images in their actual size:

Wolfram Language code: Table[RandomImage[1, {1, 1}2^n, ImageSize -> All], {n, 7}]

Set the displayed size of an image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[[image], ImageSize -> 300]

Specifying both width and height will add white space if aspect ratios do not match:

Wolfram Language code: Image[[image], ImageSize -> {300, 300}]//Framed

Interleaving  (3)

By default, interleaved data is assumed:

Wolfram Language code: i = Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 3}]]

Use Options to extract the Interleaving setting:

Wolfram Language code: Options[i, Interleaving]
Wolfram Language code: ImageDimensions[i]
Wolfram Language code: ImageChannels[i]

Create an image from planar data:

Wolfram Language code: i2 = Image[RandomReal[1, {8, 12, 3}], Interleaving -> False]
Wolfram Language code: ImageDimensions[i2]
Wolfram Language code: ImageChannels[i2]

Image with data stored in three color planes:

Wolfram Language code: Image[RandomReal[1, {3, 8, 12}], Interleaving -> False]

Change an interleaved image to planar:

Wolfram Language code: i1 = [image];
Wolfram Language code: i2 = Image[i1, Interleaving -> False]
Wolfram Language code: Options[#, Interleaving]& /@ {i1, i2}

Magnification  (2)

Image with an explicit magnification:

Wolfram Language code: Image[[image], Magnification -> 5]

ImageSize and Magnification both control the display size of the image:

Wolfram Language code: i = [image];
Wolfram Language code: {Image[i, ImageSize -> 50], Image[i, Magnification -> 2]}

When both are set, ImageSize specification is used:

Wolfram Language code: Image[i, ImageSize -> 50, Magnification -> 2]

MetaInformation  (2)

Add custom metainformation to an image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[[image], MetaInformation -> {"Owner" -> "John"}]

Use Options to extract the metainformation:

Wolfram Language code: Options[%, MetaInformation]

Import puts metadata stored in the file into the MetaInformation option:

Wolfram Language code: Import["ExampleData/coneflower.jpg"]
Wolfram Language code: Options[%, MetaInformation]

Applications  (2)

Visualize an evaluation of a cellular automaton using a binary image:

Wolfram Language code: Image[CellularAutomaton[30, {{1}, 0}, 40], "Bit", Magnification -> 2]

Visualize an elevation map:

Wolfram Language code: Image[QuantityMagnitude[GeoElevationData[Entity["City", {"Denver", "Colorado", "UnitedStates"}]]], Magnification -> 2]//ImageAdjust

Properties & Relations  (9)

Image objects are atoms and cannot be subdivided:

Wolfram Language code: AtomQ[[image]]

All values below 0 display as black, and values greater than 1 display as white:

Wolfram Language code: Image[{Range[-.5, 1.5, .2]}, Magnification -> 15]//Framed

For images with out-of-range values, use ImageAdjust to scale all values between 0 and 1:

Wolfram Language code: ImageAdjust[Image[{Range[-.5, 1.5, .2]}, Magnification -> 15]]//Framed

Different image types use different bit depths. Use smaller bit depth for compression:

Wolfram Language code: AssociationMap[ByteCount[Image[[image], #]]&, {"Byte", "Bit16", "Real32", "Real64"}]//Dataset

When using arithmetic operations on integer images, the image is converted to a real type:

Wolfram Language code: i = Image[{{50, 100, 150}}, "Byte"]; ImageType[i]
Wolfram Language code: i + 1//ImageType
Wolfram Language code: i + 1//ImageData

Image functions such as ImageAdd may round and clip values:

Wolfram Language code: ImageAdd[i, 1]//ImageData

Convert a binary image to array rules:

Wolfram Language code: ArrayRules[ImageData[Image[{{0, 1}, {1, 0}}, "Bit"]]]

Use Rasterize to create an image from any expression:

Wolfram Language code: Rasterize[x + y, Background -> StandardBlue]
Wolfram Language code: Head[%]

Use RandomImage to create an Image with random pixel values:

Wolfram Language code: RandomImage[1, {50, 50}, ColorSpace -> "RGB"]

ConstantImage can generate an Image of a constant color:

Wolfram Language code: ConstantImage[Cyan, {50, 50}]

LinearGradientImage and RadialGradientImage can be used to create gradient images:

Wolfram Language code: LinearGradientImage[{{Left, Bottom}, {Right, Top}} -> "Rainbow", {50, 50}]
Wolfram Language code: RadialGradientImage["Rainbow", {50, 50}]

See Also

AnimatedImage  DynamicImage  Image3D  Video  Rasterize  Graphics  Raster  ArrayPlot  ImagePyramid  ImageDimensions  Binarize  ImageData

Interpreter Types: Image

Net Encoders: Image

Formats: TIFF  JPEG  PNG  GIF

Tech Notes

    ▪
  • Image Processing

Related Guides

    ▪
  • Image Processing & Analysis
  • ▪
  • Image Representation
  • ▪
  • Creating & Importing Images
  • ▪
  • WDF (Wolfram Data Framework)
  • ▪
  • Form Structure & Layout
  • ▪
  • Scientific Data Analysis
  • ▪
  • Wolfram Data Repository

Related Links

  • An Elementary Introduction to the Wolfram Language : Images

History

Introduced in 2008 (7.0) | Updated in 2012 (9.0) ▪ 2014 (10.0) ▪ 2016 (11.0) ▪ 2017 (11.1) ▪ 2019 (12.0)

Wolfram Research (2008), Image, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html (updated 2019).

Text

Wolfram Research (2008), Image, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html (updated 2019).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2008. "Image." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2019. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2008). Image. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_image, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Image}", year="2019", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html}", note=[Accessed: 01-September-2026]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2026_image, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Image}, year={2019}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.html}, note=[Accessed: 01-September-2026]}

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